1. Human Anatomy
Anatomical Terms

2. Definitions
Anatomy – Deals with the structure of body parts – their forms and relationships.
Physiology – Deals with the functions of body parts – what they do and how they do it.
Dissection – The careful cutting apart of body parts to see their relationships.

3. Anatomical Terminology
Body Positions
Regional Names
Directional Terms
Planes and Sections
Body Cavities

4. Body Positions Anatomical Position Prone – body lying face down.
The subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward. The feet are flat on the floor and directed forward, and the arms are at the sides with the palms turned forward.
Prone – body lying face down.
Supine – body lying face up.

5. Anatomical Position

6. Regional Names Regions can be identified externally.
Principal regions:
Head (cephalic)
Neck (cervical)
Trunk
Upper limb
Lower limb

8. Directional Terms
Superior (cephalic or cranial) and inferior (caudal).
Anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal).
Medial and lateral.

9. Directional Terms Intermediate Ipsilateral and contralateral.
Proximal and distal.
Superficial and deep.

10. Directional Terms

11. Planes and Sections
Sagittal Plane – vertical plane – divides body into right and left.
Midsaggital or median plane – equal parts
Parasaggital plane – unequal parts

12. Planes and Sections
Frontal or coronal – divides body into anterior and posterior parts
Transverse plane – divides body into superior and inferior parts
Oblique plane – angle
Section – one flat surface or a 3-D structure

13. Planes

14. Planes

15. Body Cavities
Spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs.
Two major cavities are the dorsal and ventral body cavities.

16. Dorsal Body Cavity
Located near the dorsal (posterior) surface of the body.
Subdividions
Cranial cavity
Vertebral (spinal) canal
Meninges

17. Ventral Body Cavity
Located near the ventral (anterior) aspect of the body.
Subdivisions
Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
Diaphragm
Viscera

18. Dorsal and Ventral Cavities

19. Thoracic Cavity Subdivisions Pericardial Cavity Pleural cavities
mediastinum

21. Abdominopelvic cavity
Subdivisions
Abdominal Cavity
Pelvic Cavity

23. Thoracic and Abdominal Cavity Membranes
Serous membrane
Pleura
Pericardium
Peritoneum

24. Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants
The nine-region designation is used for anatomical studies, whereas the quadrant designation is used to locate the site of pain, tumor, or some other abnormality.

25. Abdominopelvic Regions
Right Hypochondriac Region
Epigastric Region
Left Hypochondriac Region
Right Lumbar Region
Umbilical Region
Left Lumbar Region
Right Inguinal (Iliac) Region
Hypogastric (Pubic Region)
Left Inguinal (Iliac) Region
Subcostal line, transtubercular line, midclavicular lines

26. Abdominopelvic Quadrants
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Horizontal lines passes through umbilicus