1. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Earth Systems 3209 Unit: 3 Earth’s Materials Reference: Chapters 2, 3, 6, 7; Appendix A & B

2. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Mineral Groups Unit 3: Topic 1.2 Focus on...  identifying and distinguishing between the main mineral groups that comprise Earth's crust.   identifying mineral groups based on their formulas.

3. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador  Minerals that form the rocks within Earth’s crust belong to Seven (7) main mineral groups: 1)Silicates 2)Carbonates 3)Sulfates 4)Oxides 5)Halides 6)Sulfides 7)Native Mineral Groups in the Earth’s Crust Text Reference: pages 44-55 NOTE: Questions related to this topic are commonly seen, but not restricted to the multiple choice.

4. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Olivine(Mg,Fe) 2 SiO 4 BariteBaSO 4 CalciteCaCO 3  Mineral groups that end with “ate” and have an oxygen group in its chemical formula are one of the following; Silicates = Si + Ox Sulfates = S + Ox Carbonates = C + Ox Hints to Classify Mineral Groups

5. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Hints to Classify Mineral Groups HematiteFe 2 O 3 PyriteFeS 2 FluoriteCaF 2  Mineral groups that end with “ide” and have a metal (eg. Na, K) in its chemical formula are one of the following; Oxidides = Metal + O Sulfides = Metal + S Halides = Metal + Cl, Br, F

6. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador 1)Silicates  Silicon and oxygen are the most common elements in earth’s crust.  A mineral group that has silicon and oxygen as part of their atomic structure.  The most dominant mineral class is the silicates.  Makeup more than 96% of the crust. Mineral Groups

7. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador 1)Silicates  All silicate minerals have the same building block:  Silicon-Oxygen Tetrahedron  consists of four oxygen ions surrounding one small silicon ion. Mineral Groups

8. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador 1)Silicates  Rock forming Silicates are divided into two (2) groups: A.Sialic Silicates (Aluminosilicates)  rich in silicon and aluminum.  main rock type found in continents and makeup about 85% of the crust.  minerals are light in color. Mineral Groups

9. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador 1)Silicates  Rock forming Silicates are divided into two (2) groups: B.Simatic Silicates (Ferromagnesium)  rich in silicon and magnesium (Iron).  main rock type found in the ocean floor and makeup less than 15% of the crust.  minerals are dark in color. Mineral Groups

10. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador 2)Carbonates  compounds consisting of an atomic structure of one carbon and three oxygen (CO 3 ).  most common carbonate is calcite which make up the rock Limestone. (Ca CO 3 ) 3)Sulfates  compounds consisting of an atomic structure of one sulfur and four oxygen (SO 4 ).  the rock Gypsum is an example of a sulfate and it also takes on the mineral name. (CaSO 4 2H 2 O) Mineral Groups

11. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador 4)Oxides  compounds consisting of an atomic structure of oxygen combined with one or more metals.  most common oxides are those of iron (Fe 2 O 3 ) and aluminum (Al 2 O 3 ), referred to as Ore - Minerals. 5)Halides  Halite (NaCl) is the most common halide. Often referred to as table salt. Mineral Groups

12. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador 6)Sulfides  compounds consisting of an atomic structure of one or more metals combined with sulfur.  common ore mineral.  Examples: Pyrite (FeS 2 ), Galena (PbS), Sphalerite (ZnS). 7)Native Minerals  elements that occur uncombined in nature.  commonly called native elements.  Examples:Gold (Au), Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu), & Sulfur (S) Mineral Groups

13. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Mineral NameFormulaMineral Group 1PyriteFeS 2 2HematiteFe 2 O 3 3Olivine(Mg,Fe) 2 SiO 4 4FluoriteCaF 2 5PyroxeneCa(Mg,Fe)Si 2 O 6 6CalciteCaCO 3 7GypsumCaSO 4 2H 2 O 8HaliteNaCl 9CorrundumAl 2 O 3 10CinnabarHgS Identifying mineral groups by chemical formulas

14. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Which is a sulfate mineral? (A) CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 (B) CaSO 4 ∙ 2 H 2 O (C) KCl(D) ZnS Example 1:

15. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador To which mineral group does CaCO 3 belong? (A) Carbonates(B) Oxides (C) Sulfates(D) Sulfides Example 2:

16. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Question: Which is an example of a halide? (A)barite (BaSO 4 )(B) calcite (CaCO 3 ) (C)fluorite (CaF 2 )(D) hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) Your Turn... Take the time and complete the following questions... (Solutions to follow)

17. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Question: Which is an example of a halide? (A)barite (BaSO 4 )(B) calcite (CaCO 3 ) (C)fluorite (CaF 2 )(D) hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) Solutions...

18. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Summary... Overview of Points covered:  Minerals that form the rocks within Earth’s crust belong to Seven (7) main mineral groups: 1)Silicates ------ 2)Carbonates --- 3)Sulfates ------ 4)Oxides -------- 5)Halides -------- 6)Sulfides ------- 7)Native ---------