1. Imarisha Maisha Urbanization and Youth in Kenya: A Demographic Overview Young, Urban and Growing: Understanding and Meeting the Health Needs of Kenya’s Growing Population of Urban slum-Dwelling Youth Alan G. Johnston 2011 Global Health Council Conference, Urban Health Panel 14 th June, 2011

2. Kenya: Basic Demographic Indicators 1969 1989 2009 Population (millions) 10.9 23.2 38.6 Percent urban 9.9 18.1 23.8 Inter-censal growth rate 3.3 3.4 3.0 Total fertility rate 7.6 6.7 4.6 Infant mortality rate 119 66 52.0 Sources: CBS, 1970, 1994; KNBS, 2010 2

3. Kenyan Youth 3

4. Kenya: a stall in urbanization? 4  In Kenya, built-up areas with a population of at least 2,000 are considered urban  Enumeration areas are coded (1) rural, (2) core-urban, and (3) peri-urban  Core-urban + peri-urban = Total urban  In 1999, Total urban = 9,626,476 (34.2 %)  In 2009, Total urban = 12,487,375 (32.3 %) Source: KNBS, 2011, personal communication

5. Kenya: struggling to reduce poverty 5  The proportion of families living in poverty has been reduced:  In 1999, 54 % below the poverty line = 15.2 million  In 2009, 46 % below the poverty line = 17.8 million  Thus, the number of people living in poverty has increased by 2.6 million in the past decade Source: KNBS, KIHBS, 1997, 2006

6. Rapidly growing population of urban youth 6 Kenya youth age 15-24: 1969 = 1.9 million 2009 = 7.9 million In 2009, 32.3 percent live in urban areas = 2.6 million In 2009, 34.4 percent of urban youth (15-24) live in poverty = 900,000

7. What is the current trend in teenage pregnancies in Kenya?

8. Trends in Adolescent Fertility ASFR (15-19)1993199820032008/9 Urban74908892 Rural119 123107 Total110111114103 Source: KDHS, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008/9

9. Urban Contraceptive Prevalence (modern methods), Kenya, 2010 9 CityCPR (20-24)CPR (15-49) Nairobi39.743.7 Mombasa28.429.4 Kisumu49.344.4 Kakamega46.346.0 Machakos39.545.3 Source: Tupange Baseline Household Survey, 2010, collected in collaboration with the Measurement, Learning & Evaluation Project

10. HIV prevalence among Kenyan youth, by age-group, 2008/9 KDHS 10 percentage National HIV prevalence (15-49) = 6.3 % Source: KDHS 2008/09

11. The challenges for poor urban populations 11 Over the past decades, the environmental and health hazards of dense urban slums have become persistent features of Kenya’s urban landscape. The challenges facing youth living in these environments include the search for the educational and job opportunities that will help them build a solid future. This panel will focus on innovative strategies to address their unique health challenges to enable them to take advantage of those opportunities.