1. The Elbow
Blessen Abraham Jainy James Naved Patel

2. The Primary Elbow Extensors & Flexors
Elbow flexors
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Weak assistance from pronator teres
Elbow extensor
Triceps brachii
Anconeus provides assistance

3. What type of joint is the elbow?
The elbow is a Radioulnar joint
It is a pivot-type joint
The radial head rotates around the proximal
Distal radius rotates around distal ulna
The angular ligament maintains radial head in its joints

4. What is the degree of freedom for the elbow joint?
In supination it is 80 – 90 degree’s from neutral
In pronation its 70 – 90 degrees from neutral

5. Articulation of which bones make the elbow joint?
The elbow is made up of the humerus, ulna, & radius

6. Draw diagram representing all the movement of elbow joint and name the plane and axis of each movement.
All these movements take place in the saggital and frontal plane

7. In what plane does supination and pronation occur?
Supination & pronation take place in the sagittal and coronal plane

8. What is tennis elbow?
Tennis elbow is a common problem where the lateral epicondyle becomes painful and tender. Usually involving the extensor digitorum muscle near its origin on lateral epicondyle. It is also known as lateral epicondylitis and is associated with gripping & lifting activities

9. The ligaments of the elbow joint
Ulnar collateral ligament
Radial collateral ligament
Annular ligament

10. Normal ranges: Elbow flexion (zero to 150 degrees)
Elbow Extension (150 degrees to zero)
Supination (zero to 80 or 90 degrees)
Pronation (zero to 80 or 90 degrees)

11. The ligament injured in hyperextension of the elbow joint is:
The ulnar collateral ligament

12. Elbow flexion is an example of
Third class lever because the biceps brachii applies force at the insertion of the radial tuberosity, the resistance is the center of gravity and the elbow as the axis.

13. The Biceps brachialis muscle is
The prime mover for flexion of the Elbow joint
The biceps brachialis pulls at the insertion of the radial tuberosity as shown in the previous slide.

14. Elbow Flexors Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation
Biceps Brachii
Scapula – Supraglenoid Tuberosity; Coracoid Process
Radius - Tubercle; Bicipital Aponeurosis
Elbow flexion, forearm supination, shoulder flexion and transverse flexion
Musculotaneous (C5 & C6)
Brachialis
Anterior Humerous
Ulna -Coronoid Process
Elbow flexion
Brachioradialis
Humerous – Lateral Condyle
Radius (Lateral Distal) – Styloid Process
Radial Nerve
(C5, C6, C7 & C8)

15. Biceps Brachii Movement Elbow Flexion [1, 2 ]
Forearm Supination [1, 2 ]
Shoulder
Flexion (Weak) [2 ]
Transverse Flexion (Weak) [2 ]
Attachments
Origin
Scapula
Supraglenoid Tuberosity [1 ]
Coracoid Process [2 ]
Insertion
Radius
Tubercle [1, 2 ]
Fascia of forearm
Bicipital Aponeurosis [1, 2 ]

16. Brachialis Movement Attachments Elbow Flexion Origin Insertion
Humerous (Anterior)
Insertion
Ulna Coronoid Process

17. Brachioradialis Movement Attachments Elbow Flexion Origin Insertion
Humerous
Lateral Condyle
Insertion
Radius (Lateral Distal)
Styloid Process

18. Elbow Extensors, Pronators and Supinators
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Triceps Brachii
Scapula – Infraglenoid Tubercle, Humerous (Posterior) – Superior to radial groove; Inferior to radial groove
Ulna (Proximal Posterior) – Olecranon Process
Elbow Extension, Shoulder Extension and Adduction
Radial Nerve
(C5, C6, C7 & C8)
Anconeous
Humerus (Posterior)- Lateral condyle
Ulna (Posterior, Proximal), Olecranon
Elbow Extension
Pronator Teres
Humerus (Distal) – medial condyloid ridge, Poximal Ulna (medial)
Middle third of Radius (lateral)
Pronation of Forearm, weak elbow flexion
Median Nerve
(C6 & C7)
Supinator
Lateral epicondyle of humerus, Ulna (posterior)
Proximal radius (lateral) surface below the head
Supination of forearm
Posterior Interosseous Nerve

19. Triceps Brachii Movement Elbow Extension [1, 2 , 3 ] Shoulder
Adduction [1 ]
Attachments
Origin
Scapula [1 ]
Infraglenoid Turbercle
Humerous (Posterior)
Superior to Radial Groove [2 ]
Inferior to Radial Groove [3 ]
Insertion
Ulna (Proximal Posterior) [1, 2 , 3 ]
Olecranon Process

20. Anconeous Movement Elbow Extension Attachments Origin
Humerus (Posterior)
Lateral condyle
Insertion
Ulna (Posterior, Proximal)
Olecranon

21. Pronator Teres Movement Weak flexion of elbow Attachments Origin
Pronation of forearm
Weak flexion of elbow
Attachments
Origin
Humerus (Distal)
medial condyloid ridge
Poximal Ulna (medial)
Insertion
Middle third of Radius (lateral)

22. Supinator Attachments Movements Supination of the Forearm Origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Ulna (posterior)
Insertion
Proximal radius (lateral) surface below the head