1. AP Biology Earth’s biomes

2. AP Biology Environmental factors  Abiotic factors  non-living chemical & physical factors  temperature  light  water  nutrients  Biotic factors  living components  animals  plants

3. AP Biology Marine intertidal coral reef benthos

4. AP Biology Tropical rainforest distribution: equatorial precipitation: very wet temperature: always warm characteristics: many plants & animals, thin soil

5. AP Biology Savanna distribution: equatorial precipitation: seasonal, dry season/wet season temperature: always warm characteristics: fire-adapted, drought tolerant plants; herbivores; fertile soil

6. AP Biology Desert distribution: 30°N & S latitude band precipitation: almost temperature: variable daily & seasonally, hot & cold characteristics: sparse vegetation & animals, cacti, succulents, drought tolerant, reptiles, insects, rodents, birds

7. AP Biology Temperate Grassland distribution: mid-latitudes, mid-continents precipitation: seasonal, dry season/wet season temperature: cold winters/hot summers characteristics: prairie grasses, fire-adapted, drought tolerant plants; many herbivores; deep, fertile soil

8. AP Biology Temperate Deciduous Forest distribution: mid-latitude, northern hemisphere precipitation: adequate, summer rains, winter snow temperature: moderate warm summer/cool winter characteristics: many mammals, insects, birds, etc.; deciduous trees; fertile soils

9. AP Biology Coniferous Forest (Taiga) distribution: high-latitude, northern hemisphere precipitation: adequate to dry (temperate rain forest on coast) temperature: cool year round characteristics: conifers; diverse mammals, birds, insects, etc.

10. AP Biology Arctic Tundra distribution: arctic, high-latitude, northern hemisphere precipitation: dry temperature: cold year round characteristics: permafrost, lichens & mosses, migrating animals & resident herbivores

11. AP Biology Alpine Tundra distribution: high elevation at all latitudes precipitation: dry temperature: cold year round characteristics: permafrost, lichens, mosses, grasses; migrating animals & resident herbivores

12. AP Biology What have we done!

13. AP Biology Impact of ecology as a science  Ecology provides a scientific context for evaluating environmental issues  Rachel Carson, in 1962, in her book, Silent Spring, warned that use of pesticides such as DDT was causing population declines in many non-target organisms

14. AP Biology Barry Commoner’s Laws of Ecology  Everything is connected to everything else  Everything must go somewhere  there is no such place as “away”  Nature knows best  There is no such thing as a free lunch Laws of Unintended Consequences

15. AP Biology Acid Precipitation  nitrogen oxides  sulfur dioxide  power plants  industry  transportation

16. AP Biology Acid rain

17. AP Biology BioMagnification

18. AP Biology BioMagnification  PCBs  General Electric manufacturing plant on Hudson River  PCBs in sediment  striped bass nesting areas

19. AP Biology Carbon Dioxide Global Warming

20. AP Biology CO 2 NO x methane

21. AP Biology Ozone Depletion protects from UV rays

22. AP Biology Ozone Depletion

23. AP Biology Ozone Depletion  Loss of ozone above Antarctica

24. AP Biology Bad ozone vs. good ozone

25. AP Biology Deforestation  Loss of habitat  Loss of biodiversity

26. AP Biology Loss of Diversity  3 levels of biodiversity  ecosystem diversity  different habitats across landscape  community diversity  mix of species  genetic diversity  inbreeding with shrinking populations  All decreased by human activity

27. AP Biology Driven to extinction

28. AP Biology Introduced species  Introduced species  transplanted populations grow exponentially in new area  non-native species out-compete native species  lack of competitors & predators  reduce diversity  examples  African honeybee  gypsy moth  zebra mussel  purple loosestrife kudzu gypsy moth

29. AP Biology Zebra mussel ~2 months

30. AP Biology Purple loosestrife

31. AP Biology Purple loosestrife  Non-native species out-compete native species  lack of competitors & predators  reducing diversity  causing loss of food & nesting sites for animals  Video Video 19681978

32. AP Biology Overexploitation North Atlantic bluefin tuna

33. AP Biology Biodiversity hot spots

34. AP Biology Restoration projects

35. AP Biology Think Globally, Act Locally Any Questions??