1. Cold War – Pt 2 Content Standard – 5.3 – Cite specific textural and visual evidence to analyze the series of events and long term foreign and domestic consequences of the US military involvement in Vietnam, including the Domino Theory, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, the Tet Offensive, Presidential Election of 1968, University Student Protest, TV Coverage, War Powers Act and the 26 th Amendment.

2. The Domino Theory was that if North Vietnam won the war then Cambodia, Laos, and the rest of Asia will turn communist. America and South Vietnam did not want to be communist and let it spread throughout Asia.

3. U.S. Military Involvement Begins zKennedy elected 1960 zIncreases military “advisors” to 16,000 z1963: JFK supports a Vietnamese military coup d’etat – Diem and his brother are murdered (Nov. 2) zKennedy was assassinated just weeks later (Nov. 22)

4. Johnson Sends Ground Forces zTonkin Gulf Resolution P “The Blank Check” * P was a joint resolution which the United States Congress passed on August 7, 1964 in response to a sea battle between the North Vietnamese Navy's Torpedo Squadron 135 and the destroyer USS Maddoxjoint resolutionUnited States Congresssea battle USS Maddox

5. Who Is the Enemy? zVietcong zVietcong: P Farmers by day; guerillas at night. P Very patient people willing to accept many casualties. P The US grossly underestimated their resolve and their resourcefulness. The guerilla wins if he does not lose, the conventional army loses if it does not win. -- M MM Mao Zedong

6. Anti-War Demonstrations zMay 4, 1970 z4 students shot dead. z11 students wounded Kent State University zJackson State University zMay 10, 1970 z2 dead; 12 wounded

7. The Tet Offensive, January 1968 zN. Vietnamese Army + Viet Cong attack South simultaneously (67,000 attack 100 cities, bases, and the US embassy in Saigon) zTake every major southern city zViet Cong destroyed zN. Vietnamese army debilitated zBUT…it’s seen as an American defeat by the media

8. Nixon on Vietnam zNixon’s 1968 Campaign promised an end to the war: Peace with Honor P Appealed to the great “Silent Majority” zVietnamization zExpansion of the conflict  The “Secret War” P Cambodia P Laos zAgent Orange (chemical defoliant)

9. The Ceasefire, 1973 zConditions: 1. U.S. to remove all troops 2. North Vietnam could leave troops already in S.V. 3. North Vietnam would resume war 4. No provision for POWs or MIAs zLast American troops left South Vietnam on March 29, 1973 z1975: North Vietnam defeats South Vietnam zSaigon renamed Ho Chi Minh City

10. Impact of the War War Powers Act – Congress takes back some of the presidents power to engage in military conflict without their consent – Response to Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 26 th Amendment – Makes it legal for 18 yr olds to vote. If you can die for your country you should be able to vote. Media Coverage – Changes Americans view of War – They can see it everyday!

11. Thawing the Cold War China – Nixon makes first trip to China and opens communications for the first time in 25 years. Détente – Brezhnev invites Nixon to visit Moscow and begins thawing out of relations – carries over into the 80’s. SALT I Gorbachev – Peristrokia and Glasnost

12. Fall of the Soviet Union Broke – USSR can’t keep up with the spending rate of the US and maintain control of their satellite countries. – Reagan – “Tear Down this Wall” speech (Berlin) – East Germans escape (West takes them in) – Poland – Solidarity Campaign – 1991 – Boris Yelstin leads revolution in Moscow and Communism falls apart. US and NATO – left to pick up pieces of these countries trying to get back on their feet. US no longer has an enemy!