1. Introduction to Music Theory
Harnett Central Middle School
Mr. Cheney & Mrs. Morrow

2. The Treble Clef Also called the ‘G’ clef
Typically used for higher sounds, C4 (Middle C) and above
The most commonly used clef

3. The Bass Clef Also called the ‘F’ clef
Typically used for lower pitches, C4 (Middle C) and below

4. The Alto Clef Also called the ‘C’ clef
The least commonly used clef; used typically in stringed instruments and old choral music
This clef is moveable

5. Time Signatures (or, Meter)
The top number represents
the amount of beats per
measure.
The bottom number
represents what kind of note
receives one beat.

6. Standard Note Lengths
Quarter Note (1) Half Note (2) Dotted Half Note (3) Whole Note (4)
Sixteenth Note (1/4) Eighth Note (1/2) Dotted Quarter Note (1 1/2)

7. Sharps and Flats These symbols are used in 2 cases:
A sharp sign
A flat sign
These symbols are used in 2 cases:
In a key signature, to determine in which key the notes that follow should be performed
As accidentals; the symbols are placed in front of any note and raise it by a ½ step (sharp) or lower it by a ½ step (flat). This remains in effect for one measure.

8. The Natural Symbol This symbol is used in a specific situations:
- If a sharp or flat accidental has been used and the composer wishes to change that note back to its original quality within the same measure, a natural sign is used to do so.
Natural signs are also used to remind musicians of a recent key change.

9. The Circle of Fifths

10. The Order of Flats

11. The Order of Sharps
F C G D A E B

12. =) DUNH DUNH DUNH! =)