1. Ch. 9 Development Part 2

2. Warm Up
Which of the following regions in the United States leads the others in coal production?
A. Appalachian Mountains
B. Gulf Coast
C. Western Pacific
D. Upper Midwest
E. Southwest Texas

3. Top 10 Countries HDI

4. Core and Periphery in World Economy
Fig. 9-25: This north polar projection of the world shows that most of the MDCs are in a core area north of 30° N latitude. The LDCs are mostly on the periphery of this map.
Periphery

5. Where are Developed Countries?
Per Capita GDP Map
GDP

6. Where are Developed Countries?
Land Line Map
Telephones

7. Where are Developed Countries?
Cell phone map
Cell Phones

8. Where are Developed Countries?
Student/Teacher Map
Student:Teacher Ratio

9. Where are Developed Countries?
Health Expenditure Map
Amount spent on health

10. Where are Developed Countries?
Physicians Map
Doctors per Person

11. Where are Developed Countries?
Caloric Intake Map
Calories per Person

12. Where are Developed Countries?
Private Expenditure Map
Personal $ spent on Health

13. Where are Developed Countries?
Core
More and Less Developed Regions Map
Periphery
Core

14. Newly Industrialized Countries
Levels of Development
MDCs/Developed
Newly Industrialized Countries
LDCs/Developing

15. Developed vs. Developing

16. Two Viewpoints of Economic Development
Optimistic
Abundance of resources
Humans working together can solve problems of unequal distribution
Pessimistic
Inaccessibility of resources is a serious challenge
Distribution ≠ demand
Investment is not allocated equally around the world

17. Why are some countries less developed?
Development is a matter of productivity
Reasons for a lack of productivity
Lack of physical resources
Raw materials, access to trade routes, climate
Cultural traditions
Role of women, willingness to accept new technologies, ethnic tensions
Technology – Physical Capital
Infrastructure
Railroads, Airports, Highways, Telephone lines, Internet, schools, electric grid, and so on…
Political Stability
Globalization
LDC’s are less productive because they lack technology!

18. Warm Up
What would be considered a basic industry for the city of Pittsburgh?
A. automobiles
B. computer processors
C. meat packing
D. iron ore
E. steel production

19. Reminders Tomorrow: Ch. 9 Rdg Quiz Ch. 9 Rdg Notes due! Wednesday:
South Asia Map Quiz
South Asia Map due
Thursday:
FRQ
Friday:
Ch. 9 Test
Review due
Need Textbooks!

20. Development Through Self Sufficiency
China and India
Benefit: Spread development across all sectors
Modest growth
Isolate businesses in LDCs from MDC competition
Limited imports, limited exports, government subsidies

21. Self Sufficiency Example: India
Goal: Spread investment throughout
all sectors of economy and regions
Slow and steady pace
For many years India used barriers to isolate their own businesses
Foreign companies had to get a liscence to import
Once they had a liscence, quanitity was limited
Heavy taxes on imports
Indian businesses discouraged from exporting, Indian currency could not be converted.

22. Problems with Self Sufficiency
Inefficiency
Little incentive to improve quality or price or production
Large bureaucracy
Abuse and corruption common

23. Development Through International Trade
Countries identify unique assets
Concentrate on expansion of local markets into global trade
Singapore/South Korea/Taiwan/Hong Kong-concentrated on manufactured goods especially clothing and electronics
Saudi Arabia-Concentrated on oil
4 dragons…used low labor costs to promote development
In recent years India has embraced the international trade model

24. Rostow’s Model of Development
1950s proposed a 5 stage development model
1. Traditional Society (primary sector)
2. Preconditions for takeoff (elite group establishes infrastructure and invests in tech)
3. The takeoff (a select few industries experience rapid growth, such as textiles or food)
4. The drive to maturity (tech diffusues to other industries, workers gain skills)
5. The age of mass consumption (economy shifts from industry to consumer goods)
For Rostow, development begins when an elite group initiates new activities

25. Dubai Explain how Dubai went through Rostow’s Model of Development:
Traditional Society
Preconditions for Takeoff
The Takeoff
The drive to maturity
The age of mass consumption

26. Problems with International Trade
Uneven resource distribution (Zambia and copper)
Market stagnation—markets only have so much room
Increased dependence on MDCs. While building takeoff industries, LDCs have to cut back on $ for food, clothing, etc. for citizens. Then, those items must be purchased from MDCs.

27. World Systems Theory Immanuel Wallerstein “core and periphery”
Core=more developed, use periphery’s resources
No more colonization…now MDCs get their resources from LDCs through trade

28. Financing Development
It takes money to make money
Loans from MDCs to buy infrastructure
Direct investment from transnational corporations
IMF and World Bank
Microloans

29. Debt Map

30. Fair Trade
Products are made and traded according to standards that protect workers and small businesses in LDCs
Craft products/10,000 Villages
Producer Standards
Worker-owned, democratic, no middlemen
Worker Standards
Fair wages, unions, enviro and safety standards

31. Development and Gender
Gender inequality exists in every country of the world, some more than others
Gender Related Development Index (GDI)
Differences in conditions for men and women
Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)
-How many political/economic opportunities for women

32. GDI

33. Female vs. Male Income

34. Gender Inequality by the Numbers
Highest GDI score: Norway, .96
US: per capita annual income in 2003 for males was $46,456 and for females $29,017
Ratio of women:men in high school in MDCs: 99:100, in LDCs 60:100
Exception is life expectancy, but still major differences in MDCs (6 years) and LDCs (0-1 years)

35. Women One group that is underrepresented around the world is women
For instance, despite being 51% of the total US population
There have only been 44 female senators (currently 20)
There have only been 300 female representatives
There have only been 4 female supreme court justices out of 112
And there has never been a female President of the United States

36. Gender Gap in Education

37. Life Expectancy by Gender

39. GEM by the Numbers
Economic power: income and professional jobs availability to women
Political power: managerial jobs and elected offices available to women

40. Political Power of Women

41. Words used to advertise toys for girls

42. Words used to advertise toys to boys

46. Remember Hans?