1. Phonological Awareness

2. Involves analyzing the sounds of language and how these sounds make up words and sentences.

3. Phonological Awareness A general term which includes phonemic awareness. Phonological awareness activities include working with rhymes, words, syllables, and onsets and rimes. Phonemic awareness is a part of phonological awareness. Syllables: word part that contains a vowel Onsets and rimes: smaller than syllables, but larger than phonemes. The onset is the first part of the syllable containing the consonant or consonant cluster and the rime is the part of the syllable containing the vowel and the letters that follow it. Onset Rime b ag (bag) tr ap (trap)

4. Phonemic Awareness …the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words. phonemes: are the smallest parts of sound in a spoken word that make a difference in the word’s meaning. The word, shop contains 3 phonemes: /sh/ /o/ /p/ Example: bag to rag is a result of changing the first phoneme in the word bag from /b/ to /r/ therefore changing the meaning of the word.

5. Phonemic Awareness…  Can be taught and learned  Helps children learn to read and spell  Can be taught using letters to increase effectiveness  Is most effective when it focuses on only one or two types of phoneme manipulation  More doesn’t always equal better <20 hours per year for a typical student This translates into around 5-10 minutes a day  Different children will require different amounts of PA instruction

6. Phonemic Awareness Instruction Phoneme Blending- listening to separate phonemes and combining them to form a word What word is /p/ /e/ /n/ ? Phoneme Segmentation- breaking a word into separate sounds How many sounds are in the word: flag? Phoneme Deletion- recognizing the word that remains when a phoneme is removed from the word What is farm without the /f/ ? Phoneme Substitution- substituting one phoneme for another to make a new word The word is sip. Change the /p/ to /t/. What is the new word?

7. Phonemic Awareness  Necessary for students to make meaningful sense of letter-sound correspondences  To make sense of the print, students need to be aware of the phonemes in words  Research shows strong correlation between phonemic awareness and success in reading  Students who lack phonemic awareness have a greater amount of difficulty making sense of concepts involved in word identification

8. Interventions  Phonological Awareness Activities Rhyme Alliteration Sentence Segmentation Syllable Segmentation and Blending Onset/Rime  Phonemic Awareness Activities