1. Mariana Manova Mihail Dyulgerski Denis Chorbadzhiyski
3D Printing
Mariana Manova
Mihail Dyulgerski
Denis Chorbadzhiyski

2. Definition
The process of making a physical object from a three dimensional digital model, typically by laying down many successive thin layers of a material.

3. History
1986 – The first patent was issued to Charles Hull for creating stereolithography
Hull designs the .STL file format
SLA – 250 was the first commercially successful SLA printer - $

4. 1987
Carl Deckard (University of Texas) filed a patent for Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
DTM – The first commercially available SLS
machine.
Only 4 were build
Never sold
Price: $

5. 1989 Scott Crump filed a patent for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)
Uses support material
Allows multiple colors

6. 1999 – The first 3D printed organ was implanted at Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine. Synthetic scaffolds of a human bladder were printed and coated with human cells.
2005 – Dr. Adrian Bowyer launched Replicating Rapid Prototyper (RepRap) – printer that could build itself.
2008 – Darwin – the self replicating printer.

7. 2010 – Urbee – prototype car with 3D printed body
2011 – World’s first 3D printer aircraft -
University of Southampton

8. 2012 – The world’s first 3D printed lower jaw implant,
created by LayerWise and implanted in a
83 years old woman with a bone infection
D Systems developed “first ever
3D-printed hybrid exoskeleton robotic suit”
It was demonstrated by Amanda Boxtel, who was
paralyzed from the waist down

9. How does it work?
A 3D modeling program creates a virtual design of a new object
Or a 3D scanner creates a digital copy of an existing object and puts it into 3D modeling program
To prepare the digital file for
printing a software slices the
final model into hundred of
thousands of horizontal
layers

10. Printing
When the file is uploaded in the 3D printer, the printer creates the object layer by layer.
The 3D printer reads every slice (or 2D image) and proceeds to create the object blending each layer together, resulting in one three dimensional object.

12. Methods of 3D printing
Not all 3D printers use the same technology to create their objects. 
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a term to describe set of technologies that create 3D objects by adding layer-upon-layer of material.

13. Types of 3D printers
There are several 3D printing technologies or types of 3D printers:
Stereolithography
Fused Deposition Modeling
Selective Laser Sintering
Selective Laser Melting
Electronic Beam Melting
Laminated Object
Manufacturing

14. Applications

15.
The global 3D printing market will reach at least $7 billion by 2025, which includes a conservative estimate of $3 billion for bioprinting. 

16. As of D printing technology was being studied by biotechnology firms and academia for possible use in tissue engineering applications where organs and body parts are built using inkjet techniques. 
Terms used to refer to this field of research are: organ printing, bio-printing, and computer-aided tissue engineering.

17. Industrial printing The 3D technology has been in use for decades.
Manufacturers have long used these printers in their design process to create prototypes for traditional manufacturing and research purposes.
Using 3D printers for these purposes is called rapid prototyping.

18. Rapid Prototyping
Fast 3D printers can be bought for tens of thousands of dollars and
end up saving the companies many times that amount of money in the
prototyping process. 
Nike uses 3D printers to create multi-colored prototypes of shoes.
They used to spend thousands of dollars on a prototype and wait weeks for it.
Using 3D printing, the cost is only in the
hundreds of dollars, and changes can be
made instantly on the computer and
the prototype reprinted on the
same day.

19. Rapid Manufacturing
Rapid manufacturing is a new method of manufacturing where companies are using 3D printers for short run custom manufacturing.
Using way of manufacturing the printed objects are not prototypes but the actual end user product.
Increases the availability of more personally customized products.

20. Personal printing Mainly for hobbyists and enthusiasts
Started to grow in 2011
Printers are getting cheaper and cheaper
Prices typically vary between $250 – $2,500.
This makes 3D printing available for more and more people.
Example of personal 3D printing kit is RepRap
The RepRap open source project really ignited this hobbyist market. For about a thousand dollars people have been able to buy the RepRap kit and put together their own personal 3D printer, complete with any customizations they were capable of making. What really speeds the development is the open source idea. Everybody working on the RepRap shares their knowledge so other people can use it and improve it again.

21. Future development
The CLIP (Continuous Liquid Interface Production) technique uses photochemistry. Designs come from liquid resin, and the media is solidified into the object using light and water.

22. Prosthesis
The Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine prints ear, nose and bone scaffolds that can be coated with cells to grow body parts.

23. Biology
A 3D printer can construct nose scaffolding – simultaneously embedding it with cells that will later grow into tissue.

24. Animation
Facial replicas at 3D Systems. Animators have begun using the technology to create faces with multiple expressions.

25. Fashion
Pret-a-printer? A dress made from 17 printed parts, designed by Michael Schmidt and Francis Bitoni.

26. Auto
Aston Martin DB4 recreation with the help of solely a 3D printer

27. Food-ini
3D food printer that can print a variety of dishes such as ravioli, pizza, burgers, crackers, cookies and elaborate chocolate vases.

28. Thank you for your attention!