1. T HE E SOPHAGUS By: Kristina Retherford, Jaidah Wilson, and Emmanuel Sinnathamby

2. E SOPHAGUS Muscular tube that connects throat/mouth to stomach Covered with pink tissue called mucosa 8 in long (20 cm) In adult about a 1 in. diameter

3. R OLE IN D IGESTION Takes food from pharynx and delivers to stomach Muscular contractions-peristalsis Peristalsis keeps food going toward stomach without needing gravity

4. F OOD D ELIVERY Receive from pharynx (throat) Already chewed and broken by the teeth Peristalsis pushes food towards the stomach where it continues the digestion process

5. E NZYMES AND C HEMICALS No enzymes/chemicals produced in esophagus Enzymes and chemicals from mouth travel through esophagus

6. C OMMON D ISEASES Heartburn- causes stomach contents to reflux and this can cause coughing/hoarseness or sometimes no symptoms Esophagitis - inflammation of esophagus which can cause swallowing problems and scarring in esophagus *Many diseases can follow esophagitis such as esophagus cancer, restriction of esophagus, and esophageal ulcers*

7. R ARE D ISEASES Achalasia- lower sphincter of the esophagus doesn’t relax properly which causes difficulty swallowing and regurgitation of food Esophageal Cancer- cancer in esophagus which is very serious which can be caused by smoking, drinking, and chronic reflux

8. COMPARISONS Normal esophagusEsophagus with cancer AchalasiaEsophagus with ulcers

9. T ESTS pH monitoring Acidity of acid in esophagus Esophageal Manometry Strength and pattern of muscle contractions

10. B IBLIOGRAPHY "Esophagitis Causes, Symptoms, Tests, & Treatments." WebMD. WebMD, 03 Jan. 0000. Web. 10 July 2013. "The Esophagus (Human Anatomy): Picture, Function, Conditions, and More." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 10 July 2013. "Esophagus Tests & Results : PH Testing and More." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 10 July 2013. Webster, Meriam. "Esophagus About Our Definitions: All Forms of a Word (noun, Verb, Etc.) Are Now Displayed on One Page." Merriam-Webster. Merriam- Webster, n.d. Web. 10 July 2013.