1. Opener: 8/20 - #5 COPY the questions on your own sheet of paper. **skip a couple lines between each one** 1.How did Egyptians view afterlife? 2.What was a pharaoh? 3.What was built during the Old Kingdom?

2. Ancient Civilizations of North Africa & Southwest Asia - #6 Directions: Fill in your graphic organizer by writing the key information that is in bold.

3. The most advanced stage of human social development and organization

4. What do they have in common?

5. Civilizations of Mesopotamia Fertile Crescent, “land between the rivers”

6. Mesopotamia Location: The Sumerians were among the first societies to develop in this area between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers. Agriculture: They raised crops year- round. They made efforts to improve water distribution to the land in order to create more fertile land.

7. Mesopotamia Record Keeping (Writing System): They created a form of writing called cuneiform. – They would carve wedge-shaped symbols on wet clay tablets; then they would baked the tablets in order to harden them.

8. Egypt Location: Egyptian civilization grew along the Nile River. Agriculture: Because of the climate and irrigation techniques developed, the Egyptians could have 2-3 harvest per year.

9. Egypt They built pyramids as tombs for their leaders.

10. Egypt Record Keeping (Writing System): The developed a 365-day calendar. The developed a form of picture writing called hieroglyphics.

11. Label and color {+ key} the early civilizations on your map:

12. Ethnic Groups of North Africa & Southwest Asia What is an ethnic group? An ethnicity, or ethnic group, is a group of people sharing a common and distinctive culture, religion and language.

13. Arabs Arabs are the primary (largest) ethnic group in the entire region Religion - Islam (Muslims) Language - Arabic

14. Bedouins Bedouins are nomads in the deserts of NA & SWA. They are considered to be “true Arabs”. Speak Arabic Nomads - people who live in different locations, moving from one place to another

15. Persians Persians are a non-Arab ethnic group Persians primarily live in Iran (and some of Afghanistan) Persians are primarily Shia Muslim Language - Farsi

16. Kurds Kurds are a non-Arab ethnic group Kurds primarily live in Turkey, Iran, Syria & Iraq – They want their own homeland - Kurdistan Their religion is primarily Sunni Muslim Speak Kurdish (related to Farsi)

17. Turks Turks are a non-Arab ethnic group Turks primarily live in Turkey The religion is primarily Sunni Muslim They speak Turkish

18. Berbers Berbers are a non-Arab ethnic group Berbers primarily live in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt Their religion is primarily Sunni Muslim Primarily spoken language w/many dialects Disappearing because they are assimilating with Arabs

19. Jews Jews are a religious group living mostly in Jerusalem (southeast corner), Israel, and part of the Golan Heights. – Jews claim Palestine (modern-day Israel) as their rightful homeland Religion – Judaism Jews speak Hebrew

20. Write your name in Hieroglyphics!