1. Unit 5: Adolescence, Adulthood, and Family Life

2. Chapter 16: Adolescence and Adulthood
Purpose of this chapter is to learn about:
Physical, mental, emotional, social, & financial changes that occur during adolescence and adulthood
Ways to communicate effectively, maintain healthy relationships, and maintain wellness

3. Section 1: Changes during adolescence
What is adolescence ---
The period of time between puberty and full maturation.
It is a time of change – changing body, emotions, mental abilities, and social life.

4. Physical Changes
Puberty – the period of human development during which people become able to produce children.
Begins when specific hormones are released
Hormones – chemical substances made and released in one part of the body that cause a change in another part of the body.
Male – testosterone
Female – estrogen and progesterone

5. Physical Changes in Both Girls and boys
Growth spurts
Facial acne
Change in muscle strength
Rise in sex hormones

6. Physical changes in girls
Appearance of hair underarms and around genitals
Development of breasts
Widening of hips and pelvis
Start of menstruation and ovulation

7. Physical changes in boys
Appearance of hair on face, underarms, and around genitals
Deepening of voice
Broadening of shoulders
Enlargement of testes and penis

8. Mental and emotional changes
A new way of thinking
A new way of feeling
A new desire for independence
Conflicts with parents arise
Dealing with new feelings
Controlling your emotions

9. Social Changes
Changes that occur within relationships in a teen’s life.
These changes may be intimate ones with family or they may be more formal ones, such as with a teacher or boss.
Parents, teachers and siblings begin to respond differently to an adolescent because, in a sense, a new person is evolving in their presence.

10. Common social changes Increased expectations from parents
Increased responsibilities – for one’s feelings, thoughts, and behaviors.
Changing relationships with those around you.
May want to spend more time with friends than with family.
May sense stress from parents, who worry about those changing relationships.

11. Evaluating your relationships
Does this friendship bring out the best in me, or does it discourage me?
Does this friendship make me a stronger or weaker person?
Does this person respect me and accept me as I am? Or does this person expect me to behave in a certain way because of my gender, race, or appearance?

12. Evaluating changing relationships
1. Ask questions. Is this a healthy relationship? Will this relationship allow me to grow?
2. Take charge. You can now think more like an adult, so decide on positive changes you can make to improve your relationships.
3. Get tough. Some of your friendships may become unhealthy. If you have difficulty breaking those relationships off, ask a good friend or teacher to help you.
4. Commit yourself to improving. You’ll make some mistakes in your relationships, but you will learn from your mistakes.

13. Section 1 wrap-up
Let’s discuss ideas you can take away from this section.
Without naming specific people, can you think of friendships you have that have been positive and then ones that haven’t been as beneficial?

14. Section 2: adulthood We will discuss the following:
Physical, emotional, social, and financial changes and concerns during young, middle, and older adulthood.
What do you consider young, middle and older adulthood?

15. Young adulthood
Even though Americans are considered legal adults at age 18, a person who is 18 is still technically a teen.
Young adulthood is considered to be the period between ages of 21 and 35.
This period is full of changes, challenges, and decisions.

16. Physical Changes
During young adulthood, the growth rate of adults begins to slow down.
As you mature, this is the time period when you reach peak physical health.
This is a great time period to take part in many physical activities such as sports or outdoor activities.
Doing this now will help form good lifetime habits

17. Mental and emotional changes
Many young adults express a sense of settling.
Begin to relate to their parents on an adult level.
Intellectually, think more abstractly
Consistently make mature, responsible decisions.
Clearer sense of their identity: who they are, what they want from friendships, and what job they want to have.

18. Social Changes
Many young adults chose to marry and start families during this period of their life.
Some chose to remain single; others fear marrying.
Why might someone fear getting married?

19. Financial Concerns
Financial independence – you decide what you spend your money on.
Finally responsible for making and spending their own money
Creating a budget
Many young adults spend much of this time period making those “first purchases” and for some this time period may mean paying back school loans or other debt.
This can be a very scary time

20. Maintaining wellness
Staying away from tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs.
Many young adults struggle with finding the time to be physically active.
This is a great point in life to create healthy habits before bad habits can be set in stone.

21. Middle adulthood Between ages of 35-65
Many believe this is seen as “the best years” for many reasons.

22. Physical Changes
Muscle tone and strength naturally start to diminish, but with regular, moderate exercise they can be maintained.
Woman typically begin menopause between ages 50 and 55.
During this time a woman stops ovulating and menstruating.
After this time, women hormonal production slows, making them more prone to things like osteoporosis.
Men also experience a slowing of hormonal production, but much more gradual.

23. Mental and emotional changes
Many middle-ages adults begin to accept their mortality as they see friends and loved ones die.
Many spend a lot of time reflecting and begin to evaluate their lives.
Occasionally, during this time some have a “midlife crisis” –usually experienced in a person’s 40s.
This may cause them to make dramatic changes, some good and some not.

24. Social changes
During this stage many often enjoy clearer identity formation – they know who they are.
By this time, they are able to positively focus on family and their job.
When stress arises, and it will, they are able to handle it accordingly and in a positive manner.

25. Financial concerns
Many adults learn to accept more responsibility because other people (children, their parents) depend on them for financial and emotional support.
Many adults are forced to evaluate their spending habits and plans for the future.
Questions about retirement, savings, and healthcare are often stressors

26. Maintaining wellness
Leading causes of death during this time is cancer and heart disease, respectively.
Continual monitoring of diet and exercise is important.
Routine (at least yearly) medical check-ups are of utmost importance for preventing and treating any conditions that may arise.

27. Older adulthood 65 and older
During this time, adults enjoy feelings of great achievement and wisdom – which is accumulated through the variety of life experiences a person does through by this point in their life.
However, lonliness and isolation can be serious problems
Death of spouses, children, other loved ones.

28. Physical changes
Ability to recover from illnesses or injuries is not as quick as it once was.
Years of unhealthy choices during adolescence may become evident during this stage.
Examples: Smoking – cancer, obesity – type 2 diabetes

29. Mental and emotional changes
Most are more emotionally stable than earlier in their lives.
Many come to terms with the meaning of life – what is more important and what is not.
Full of wisdom
young people can learn a lot from older adults.
Alzheimer’s disease may affect some individuals (roughly 5%).

30. Social changes
Adapting to retirement – can take time to adjust for some.
Some struggle with all the free time and lack of responsibility.
It time, most learn to enjoy it all.

31. Financial concerns Living on a “fixed income”
Rising costs of healthcare.
Some face the dilemma of moving into a retirement home – very expensive in most cases!!

32. Maintaining wellness
Heart disease and cancer are leading causes of death for this age group.
Remaining physically active (especially weight-bearing activities) and eating a sound diet are just as important now, as before.

33. Healthy aging Tips – Establish regular exercise habits Not smoking
Alcohol in moderation
Maintaining a healthy weight
Watching amount of saturated fats, LDL cholesterol, excess salt (sodium).

34. Homework Chapter 16 Review MUST DO CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS!!!!
Key terms
Sections 1 & 2 (including critical thinking)
MUST DO CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS!!!!

35. CHAPTER 17: Marriage, parenthood, and families
Purpose of this chapter is to learn about:
Marriage
Responsibilities of married partners
Factors that contribute to successful relationships
Challenges faced by married teens and others
Responsibilities of parents
Characteristics of healthy families

36. Section 1: marriage
Definition --- A lifelong union between a husband and a wife, who develop an intimate relationship.
Are there any issues with this definition??

37. Responsibilities of marriage
A healthy marriage requires that both partners work together to meet each other’s needs.
Other responsibilities include the following:
Love
Commitment
Compromise
Emotional intimacy – The state of being emotionally connected to another person.
Nothing mentioned about sex. Why?

38. Benefits of marriage Emotional and physical intimacy
Companionship and deep friendship
Financial support system
Greater emotional stability.

39. Engagement period: Developing your relationships
Emotional maturity --- The ability to assess a relationship or situation and to act accordingly to what is best for oneself and for the other person in the relationship.
Important that a relationship is built on mature love and compassion…..not on infatuation (exaggerated feelings).

40. Discussing important issues
Talking seriously with your partner can be difficult, but you should discuss the following:
What are our values and beliefs?
Should we have children?
How will we handle conflict between family members?
Should both of us work outside the home?
Where should we live?
What are our economic expectations?

41. Premarital education classes
Helps couples openly discuss their goals and expectations as individuals and as a couple.
Issues will arise, having a “mediator” can be very beneficial.
Issues that can not be worked out in premarital classes can lead to a couple breaking off the engagement.

42. Teen marriages
When teens marry, changes in thinking and behavior are not yet complete.
Many married teens put off their education.
Many teen marriages end in divorce (roughly 48% will divorce within the first ten years of marriage (NY Times, 2009))

43. Divorce and remarriage
A legal end to a marriage.
Often very difficult not only for the married couple, but also for the other family members (children, siblings, parents, etc).

44. Reasons for divorce Communication problems Unfulfilled expectations
Spousal roles
Sex
Different financial habits or goals

45. Impact of divorce on teens
Emotionally difficult
Feeling abandoned.
Feeling responsible for the divorce
Change in relationship with parents

46. Impact of parents’ remarriage on teens
Teens may not have healed from the past divorce
Resentment toward remarrying parent, step- parent, or any step-siblings.
Shifting of blame and anger

47. Coping with divorce or remarriage
Few things to keep in mind ---
Your parents are doing their best to make their way through a difficult time
Don’t displace your anger on others (if your mad at your parent(s), don’t take it out on others.
Find a way to constructively deal with your feelings
Don’t blame yourself
Accept the fact that your can’t make decisions for others

48. Section 2: parenthood
Purpose of this section is to learn about the following:
Responsibilities of parenthood before and after birth
How parents’ behavior can affect their children

49. Responsibilities of parents
Parental Responsibility --- the duty of a parent to provide for the physical, financial, mental, and emotional needs of a child.
Being a parent means caring and providing completely for another human being, unconditionally.

50. Responsibilities before birth
Parenting begins at conception
The mother’s and father’s habits before and during a pregnancy directly affect the health of the baby.
Examples?

51. Emotional responsibilities
The early years of a child’s life can be very demanding
Children need constant assurance that they are loved.
How can parents show this?
Children need time with parents; nothing can replace spending time alone with (a) parent(s).

52. Safety responsibilities
Parents must always be sure their child is safe.
Number one cause of death in toddlers and young children is accidents --- most happening while a parent is present.
Keeping a watchful eye can be a strain on parents, but a worthy one.

53. Financial responsibilities
All children have basic needs: Food, clothes, shelter, and medicines --- all of which cost money.
Being making the CHOICE to have children, parents should always be sure they have enough income to take care of their child’s needs.
Cost to raise a child (birth to 18) = $226,920! (CNN, 2011).
Not including college

54. Disciplinary responsibilities
Discipline --- The act of teaching a child through correction, direction, rules, and reinforcement.
Can be very difficult for children to accept, as they naturally will try to defy authority(especially teens).
Children learn from the actions of their parents.

55. Parents and teens
Parenting is most difficult when children are in their teen years.
It is important for parents to respect their children and for children to respect their parents, even if they don’t understand or agree.
Effective communication, trust, and understanding will allow the relationship to grow.

56. Effects of Parental behavior
Children are great at reading the mood of their parents and respond accordingly.
If the parent is stressed, the child will be as well (they feed off the energy of the parent(s)).
Effective behaviors:
Giving time and attention to children
Establishing clear rules and limits
Taking time to listen and communicate
Praising positive behavior and good choices

57. Section 3: families Family relationships are important
They influence our emotions and help shape our character, either positively or negatively.
They provide for the emotional and physical needs of their members.
They help members develop their individual identities
Instill moral values.

58. Types of families
Nuclear – a family in which a mother, father, and one or more children all live together
Blended – biological mother or father, step-parent, and the children of one or both parents.
Single-parent – single mother or father and his or her children.
Extended – people outside the nuclear family (grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins).
Adoptive
Foster

59. Characteristics of healthy families
Effective communication
Respect
Commitment
Love
Continual time, practice, and growth of relationships.

60. Coping with family problems
Problems can and will arise often due to a variety of reasons
Financial, controlling anger, depression, and grief are just a few examples
More serious issues can also arise including things like abuse, whether verbal, sexual, or physical violence.

61. Tips for coping with family problems
Confront the problem. Ignoring will only make it worse.
Evaluate the problem as best you can. Figure out what needs to change for the problem to be solved.
Take action. Determine what can and cannot be changed, and work to change what you can.
Don’t give up. Keep working to resolve the problem, despite any difficulty in doing so.

62. Family counseling
Family counseling involves discussions that are led by a third party to resolve a conflict among family members.
Usually works best if this is someone outside the family that will maintain non-biased approach to the situation.
This provides another perspective, which can help family members see other’s views.

63. Homework Complete Chapter 17 Review Key terms Sections 1, 2, & 3.
Must do CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS (EXCLUDING QUESTIONS 15).
DO NOT HAVE TO DO #15