2. LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS TURKEY PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

3. TURKEY

4. NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN TURKEY FLOODS WINDSTORMS EARTHQUAKES WILDFIRES ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE HIGH BENEFIT/COST FROM BECOMING DISASTER NRESILIENT GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES

5. Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters Planet Earth’s atmospheric- hydrospheric- lithospheric interactions create situ- ations favorable for FLOODS

6. ELEMENTS OF RISK AND DISASTER

7. HAZARDSHAZARDS ELEMENTS OF FLOODS EXPOSUREEXPOSURE VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATION RISKRISK

8. FLOOD HAZARDS ARE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS

9. LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN FLOODS INUNDATION INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS) EROSION AND MUDFLOWS CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

10. A DISASTER CAN HAPPEN WHEN THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A FLOOD INTERACT WITH TURKEY’S COMMUNITIES

11. FLASH FLOODS HIT ISTHANBUL, TURKEY: SEPTEMBER 9, 2009 Losses exceed $100 million

12. RECORD RAINFALL CAUSES FLASH FLOODS The heaviest rains in eight decades caused flash floods in Turkey. At least 31 people were killed.

13. FLOODING IN OTHER PARTS OF TURKEY Flooding occurred also in the western cities of Canakkale, Balikesir, Aydin, Izmir, Antalya and Bursa.

15. ISTHANBUL

16. RAIN CLOUDS

17. ISTHANBOL IS VULNERABLE TO FLOODING BECAUSE OF THE “DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD” OF INADEQUATE URBAN PLANNING AND RAPID URBANIZATION

18. URBANIZATION In Istanbul, water tried to find a way to move over and under the ground as usual, but couldn’t because the ground is now covered with concrete and buildings as a result of ongoing urbanization.

19. IMPACTS

20. IMPACTS: HOMES IN ISTHANBUL

21. IMPACTS

23. Waves of muddy waters carrying cars, trees and debris crashed into homes and buildings on Wednesday (Sept 9) as people were getting up to break their fast during the holy month of Ramadan.

24. IMPACTS

33. A RESCUE

34. EVACUATION STRATEGIES Turkish military used helicopters and tanks to evacuate people trapped by the rapidly rising water.

35. HELICOPTER RESCUE

36. A DISASTER is --- --- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help when three continuums: 1) people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., floods, earthquakes,…) intersect at a point in space and time.

37. Disasters are caused by s ingle- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness, joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

38. THE REASONS ARE... When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure will be LOST because they are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards.

39. THE REASONS ARE... The community is UN- PREPARED for what will likely happen, not to mention the low-probability of occurrence— high-probability of adverse consequences event.

40. THE REASONS ARE... The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for early threat identification and coordinated local, national, regional, and international countermeasures.

41. THE REASONS ARE... The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a timely and effective manner to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations.

42. THE REASONS ARE... The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.

43. THE ALTERNATIVE TO A FLOOD DISASTER IS FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE

44. TURKEY’S COMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS FLOOD HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION FLOOD RISK RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION FORECASTS/SCENARIOS EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS

45. KNOW THE FLOOD HISTORY AND IDENTIFY THE COMMUNITY’S FLOOD PRONE AREAS

46. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL OF THE LIKELY HAZARDS AND RISKS IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

47. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE AGAINST LOSS OF FUNCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

48. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS TECHNOLOGIES THAT FACILITATE THREAT IDENTI- FICATION AND EARLY WARNING ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

49. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

50. FLOODS IN TURKEY ARE INEVITABLE ---SO, DON’T WAIT FOR ANOTHER REMINDER OF THE IMPORTANCE OF BECOMING FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENT.

51. STRATEGIC COLLABORATION (I.E., WORKING TOGETHER ON A COMMON GOAL) FOR BECOMING FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENT