1. Energy: How it makes our lives easier

2. Where would we be without energy? Heats our homes Makes electricity Fuels cars, trucks, buses and planes Products made from oil and gas – Backpacks – Toys – Glasses – Clothing – Medicines – Plastics – Cosmetics

3. Fossil Fuels – Nature’s Batteries Today’s Energy  83 % = fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal)  17 % = nuclear and all other sources By 2035  80 % = fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal)  20 %= nuclear and all other sources

4. Fossil fuels were forming before dinosaurs lived

5. How do oil and gas get from the ground into products we use? 1 2 3 4 5

6. Exploration: a treasure hunt to find oil and gas Geologists study rocks on the Earth’s surface and underground Geologists make a map of the rocks where they think oil and gas might be found Photo by John Simmons, OnTV © The Geological Society of London www.geolsoc.org.ukwww.geolsoc.org.uk

7. Drilling and Production Engineers use the geology map to drill a well under the Earth’s surface using a “rig” If successful, the well will bring a steady flow of oil and gas to the surface

8. Where Do Oil and Gas Come From? Microscopic View GasOil Water Source Rock (Fossils) Oil drops in grains of sand

9. Oil and Gas Are Found On Land and under Water

10. Oil and Gas Are Often Found Together Oil is a liquid Gas is liquid in a gaseous (invisible) state – like air Oil and gas move through sand as a team

11. Extraction After the rig is removed, a pump is placed on the well head. An electric motor drives a gear box that moves a lever. The lever pushes and pulls, forcing the pump up and down, and creates a suction that draws up the oil.

12. Refining Chemicals and heat are used to remove water and solids Natural gas is separated Cracking and rearranging molecules prepares the finished products Oil is then stored in tanks. Photo courtesy of © BP p.l.c.

13. Transportation Crude oil and refined products are transported across the water in barges and tankers. On land crude oil and products are moved using pipelines, trucks, and trains. Photo above courtesy of BP

14. Energy Companies Help Protect the Environment Clean up areas after drilling Care for plants, animals and the Earth in work areas Follow governmental rules

15. The Oil Industry Helped Save the Whales In the old days, whales were hunted to near extinction Then scientists discovered a way to make kerosene from petroleum Kerosene began to be used for light instead of whale oil Using petroleum helped save the whales

16. Offshore Drilling Platforms are “Pit Stops” for Monarch Butterflies 300 million monarchs fly from Canada, U.S. – spending winters in warm central Mexico Offshore oil-industry equipment in Gulf of Mexico offers ideal rest stop Monarchs attracted to structures with bright yellow paint Sleep-over lets them rest Source: Gary Noel Ross, PhD, professor emeritus of biology, Southern University, Louisiana Environmentalist.

17. Shhhh! Don’t Disturb the Bears Used special tools to keep track of drilling Drove on roads at certain times of day Drilled wells only during winter Kept equipment noise as quiet as possible Let sleeping bears lie When drilling in an area that was home to grizzly bears, one energy company cared enough to protect them.

18. Oil and Gas Industry Works with Other Energy Sources To save on designing and building specialized offshore wind equipment, conventional windmills are mounted on old oil platforms. Many oil companies use the power from wind turbines to run the nerve center of oil rigs. Some traditional oil companies expanded their businesses to include energy sources, such as solar and hydropower.

19. What Can I Do To Save Energy? Turn down the thermostat in the winter, and turn it up in the summer Turn off lights when you leave a room Use natural light when possible Carpool or take public transportation Ask your parents to drive vehicles that get good gas mileage

20. Did You Know Energy Vampires Might Lurk in Your House? “Vampire energy” is energy used by things that consume electricity 24 hours a day, even if they are turned off. TVs DVD players Computers Printers Stereos Microwaves Unplug appliances directly from the wall when not in use Turn off your computer when not in use