1. Political and Policy Dynamics of Events and Festivals Lecture 6 Razaq Raj http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kLRgfitr-ZA

2. Politics of place and role of policy makers Events have been commonly used for political ends throughout history. Events have been commonly used for political ends throughout history. Rulers and Monarchs have used events to popularise themselves and the area they rule. Rulers and Monarchs have used events to popularise themselves and the area they rule. Governments use events particularly hallmark ones to punctuate the end of their term in office because they create nationalism, enthusiasm and most importantly votes Governments use events particularly hallmark ones to punctuate the end of their term in office because they create nationalism, enthusiasm and most importantly votes

3. Politics of place and role of policy makers The festivals and events help to develop social and economic cohesion, confidence and pride that connect local community and local authorities together The festivals and events help to develop social and economic cohesion, confidence and pride that connect local community and local authorities together The local authorities secure political power and influence through events to gain moment among the local residents and businesses. The local authorities secure political power and influence through events to gain moment among the local residents and businesses.

4. Politics of place and role of policy makers “Politics and politicians are an important part of the equation that is contemporary events management” (McDonnell, Allen and O’Toole, 1999 p.26) (McDonnell, Allen and O’Toole, 1999 p.26)

5. Politics of place and role of policy makers The local authorities use community-based festivals and events in strengthening communities, business districts, cultural, heritage and arts resources, and in attracting tourists and visitors to the City. The local authorities use community-based festivals and events in strengthening communities, business districts, cultural, heritage and arts resources, and in attracting tourists and visitors to the City.

6. Politics of place and role of policy makers Prime Minister, Tony Blair quoted: ‘The British Government is delighted to give its full support to the London Bid for 2012. Winning the Games would be good news for London and for all of the UK. I hope everyone in the country will get behind the campaign.’ London 2012 Olympic Bid (2003, p.1)

7. Tourism destination in local communities Festivals can be big business for a destination. Festivals can be big business for a destination. The local authorities are using events to position their destinations in the market, and thus fulfil their cultural, tourism, festivals and arts strategies. The local authorities are using events to position their destinations in the market, and thus fulfil their cultural, tourism, festivals and arts strategies.

8. Development of Festivals and Celebrations in the local community Today the Festivals are seen principal platform for collective participation in expressions of traditional and contemporary culture. Today the Festivals are seen principal platform for collective participation in expressions of traditional and contemporary culture. The festivals attract increasing numbers of visitors to each festival. The festivals attract increasing numbers of visitors to each festival.

9. Development of event public policy Governments around the globe are utilising events as an integral part of their policies for regional development. Governments around the globe are utilising events as an integral part of their policies for regional development. Therefore, it is important ensure event public policy has the capacity to facilitate opportunities for regional development. Therefore, it is important ensure event public policy has the capacity to facilitate opportunities for regional development.

10. Framework for the development of event public policy At the local government level, a two year event policy should be developed. At the local government level, a two year event policy should be developed. Attract visitors and enhance their experience. Attract visitors and enhance their experience. Develop event policies that will promote positive regional development. Develop event policies that will promote positive regional development.

11. Authors: John Ensor a; Martin Robertson a; Jane Ali-Knight a Relationship with the Local Community - Key Constructs

12. Notting Hill Carnival The Notting Hill Carnival, formed in 1964. The Notting Hill Carnival, formed in 1964. Celebrate their ancestors freedom from slavery, with an attendance of 200. Celebrate their ancestors freedom from slavery, with an attendance of 200. Caribbean people to come together and share their social and cultural differences with the local community. Caribbean people to come together and share their social and cultural differences with the local community.

13. Notting Hill Carnival As stated by the William Stewart the founder of initial Caribbean carnival in this country. As stated by the William Stewart the founder of initial Caribbean carnival in this country. “Festival to bring together the people of Notting Hill, most of whom were facing racism, lack of working opportunities and poor housing conditions resulting in a general suppression of good self-esteem.”

14. Political History Daily Mail columnist Lynda Lee-Potter (1991), "a sordid, sleazy nightmare that has become synonymous with death"

15. Political History The Tory Shadow home secretary Willie Whitelaw (1977) The Tory Shadow home secretary Willie Whitelaw (1977) “The risk in holding it now seems to outweigh the enjoyment it gives." "Then it is up to their leaders to take steps necessary to ensure its survival." "Then it is up to their leaders to take steps necessary to ensure its survival."

16. Political Changes by policy makers for Carnival The Mayor of London ordered a Carnival Review in 1999. Public safety and density of people Public safety and density of people Carnival location and procession/route Carnival location and procession/route Travel to and from Carnival Travel to and from Carnival Police presence Police presence Cultural, social and economic impact Cultural, social and economic impact Content of Carnival Content of Carnival Provision of facilities Provision of facilities Carnival is managed and financed Carnival is managed and financed Adequate communication and signage Adequate communication and signage

17. Economic analysis of carnival £93 million London’s economy 3,000 Full time Jobs 1.16 million people attended Carnival over three days £45 million Spend by Carnival goers in three days £50 million General financial boost to firms and individuals involved in Carnival

18. Social impacts Refuse collection 200420032002200120001999 Tonnes of refuse collected in RBKC 203192168210250211 Tonnes of refuse collected in WCC 155N/A

19. Conclusions The community festivals are seen by the local politician a great educational settings for all cultures. The community festivals are seen by the local politician a great educational settings for all cultures. There is unarguably an element of politics surrounding the festival. There is unarguably an element of politics surrounding the festival. The local authorities undertake the development and direct delivery of festivals to pursue specific economic and community development objectives. The local authorities undertake the development and direct delivery of festivals to pursue specific economic and community development objectives.

20. Questions How much is the Festival worth to London? Linking learning and cultural development around festival provision; ensuring a strong relationship between the Greater London Authority and Local Council and the festival providers?