2. 2.1. INTRODUCTION Safety should be uppermost in the minds of all machine technology workers. It should become a state of mind so that reactions become automatic in any dangerous situation

3. 2.2. Safety Objectives: 1-Practice safety in all phases of machining technology. 2-Make decision to safeguard the health, safety and welfare of persons at work. 3-To protect general public from risks to health and safety caused by the activities of persons at work. 4-To control the keeping and use of materials and dangerous substances. 5-To control the emission into the atmosphere.

4. 2.3. Familiarity and know-how may be obtained by: 1-A formal course of instruction 2-Personal instruction by an experienced qualified machinist 3-A careful reading of the manufacturer's operating instructions that accompany the machine

5. 2.4. How do accidents happen? 1-Inattention, taking chances, fatigue, and uncooperativeness. They are also caused by; 2-Poor supervision or instruction improperly guarded machine, improper clothing, defective tools or equipment, insufficient working area and poor lighting.

6. 2.5. GENERAL RULES of SAFETY: 1-Do not operate any machine before you have received instructions on the correct and safe procedures from your instructor. It is not wise to ask another student for proper procedure 2-All machines should have effective guards that should always be in place when machines are operating. 3-Always stop the machine and switch off the power before making any adjustments. 4-Always keep your hands and body away from all moving parts. 5-Always wear specific eye protection in all phases of machine shop work. 6-Do not wear loose clothing; remove ties, rings, watches, etc.

7. 2.5. GENERAL RULES of SAFETY: 7-Keep tools and other materials in their proper places. Keep the floor clear of chip and objects. 8-Only one operator at a time should control a machine 9-If the instructor leaves the shop for any reason, the power should be shut off. 10-Horseplay, practical jokes, and running should be prohibited in shop area. 11-When lifting heavy objects, follow safe lifting procedures. 12-Contact lenses should not be worn in ant shop or industrial area.

8. 2.5. GENERAL RULES of SAFETY: 13-In all cases, clean machinery thoroughly when you have finished work. 14-If you have any question, ask the instructor, not another student. 15-Do not rush or take chances. Observe all safety rules. 16-Do not work in the shop if too tired or fatigued.

9. 2.6. EYE PROTECTION: Eye protection is important enough to be in a special category of its own: 1-Proper eye protection should be worn in a machine shop under all conditions 2-In the presence of molten metals, or sparks of any kind, a proper face shield should be worn. 3-For any operation involving drilling, lathe work, milling, sawing, grinding, and any other machine tool operation, or benchwork, safety glasses must be worn. 4-For heat treating furnace work, a proper face shield must be worn. 5-Gas welding, arc welding or any other form of welding requires the use of proper welding goggles or face shield.

10. 2.6. EYE PROTECTION: 6-For hygienic reasons, it is best to have your own personal eye protective equipment. 7-Contact lenses should not be worn in the machine shop for the following reason: a-Some gases, vapors and other materials that will harm the eyes can be absorbed by contact lenses. b-Electric arcs can cause the contact lenses to stick to the eye, causing serious injury when trying to remove the lenses.

11. 2.7. SAFETY RULES APPLY TO BENCHWORK SHOP: 1-Always wear safety goggles. 2-In chipping with chisel always chip away from yourself and others. 3-Hold work securely in bench vise. 4-Never use a chisel with a mushroomed head. 5-Never strike two hardened surfaces together. 6-If job is hot, mark it in some way to make the face known to other who may come in contact with it. 7-Place sharp or pointed tools in such a way that their points or cutting edges will not cause injury to anyone. 8-Use a brush to remove chips or filings. 9-Refrain from any sort of horseplay.