1. Acids, Bases, Neutralization, & pH Notes Part 2

2. Acids 1. An acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H + ). 2. Acids release hydrogen ions (H + ) into water (aqueous) solution.

3. Acids 3. Acids neutralize bases in a neutralization reaction. An acid and a base combine to make a salt and water. A salt is any ionic compound that could be made with the anion of an acid and the cation of a base. The hydrogen ion (H + ) of the acid and the hydroxide ion (OH - ) of the base unite to form water. ACID + BASE  SALT + WATER HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H 2 O

4. Acids 4. Acids corrode active metals. 5. Acids turn blue litmus to red. 6. Acids taste sour. DO NOT TASTE LAB CHEMICALS!!!

5. Acids 7. Strong acids completely dissociate in solution. 8. Weak acids do not completely dissociate in solution.

6. Acids 9. Examples of acids: nitric acid--HNO 3 hydrochloric acid--HCl sulfuric acid--H 2 SO 4 perchloric acid--HClO 4 hydrobromic acid--HBr hydroiodic acid--HI

7. Acid Rain Please read article provided by the USGS at http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/acidrain/2.html http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/acidrain/2.html

8. Bases 1. Bases release hydroxide ions (OH - ) into water (aqueous) solution. 2. Bases are very dangerous because they can denature proteins.

9. Bases 3. Bases neutralize acids in a neutralization reaction. An acid and a base combine to make a salt and water. A salt is any ionic compound that could be made with the anion of an acid and the cation of a base. The hydrogen ion (H + ) of the acid and the hydroxide ion (OH - ) of the base unite to form water. BASE + ACID  SALT + WATER KOH + HCl  KCl + H 2 O

10. Bases 4. Bases feel slippery. 5. Bases turn red litmus to blue. 6. Bases taste bitter. DO NOT TASTE LAB CHEMICALS!!!

11. Bases 7. Strong bases completely dissociate in solution. 8. Weak bases do not completely dissociate in solution.

12. Bases 9. Examples of bases: lithium hydroxide--LiOH sodium hydroxide--NaOH potassium hydroxide--KOH rubidium hydroxide--RbOH cesium hydroxide--CsOH magnesium hydroxide--Mg(OH) 2 calcium hydroxide--Ca(OH) 2 strontium hydroxide--Sr(OH) 2 barium hydroxide--Ba(OH) 2

13. pH