Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byLeo Gallagher Modified over 9 years ago
1
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Introduction Various aspects of human nature –Curiosity, pain, pleasure, movement, reasoning, learning, memory, emotion, and madness Neuroscience –Study of the brain The Society for Neuroscience
2
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Origins of Neuroscience Views of the Brain: Ancient Greece –Correlation between structure and function –Hippocrates Brain: Involved in sensation; seat of intelligence
3
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Origins of Neuroscience Views of the Brain: The Roman Empire –Views of Greek physician Galen: Localization of function Cerebrum Sensation Cerebellum Motor Ventricles ‘Communicating’ fluids
4
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Origins of Neuroscience Views of the Brain: The Renaissance –Fluid-mechanical theory of brain function –Philosophical mind-brain problem
5
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Origins of Neuroscience Views of the Brain: The Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries –Gray matter and white matter
6
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Origins of Neuroscience Views of the Brain: Renaissance to the Nineteenth Century –Gyri, sulci, and fissures
7
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Origins of Neuroscience Views of the Brain: The Nineteenth Century –Central subdivision: brain and spinal cord –Peripheral division: network of nerves coursing through the body
8
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Origins of Neuroscience Views of the Brain: The Nineteenth Century –Nerve as wires, understanding of electrical phenomena, nervous system can generate electricity –Bell and Magendie: Dorsal and ventral roots carry information in opposite directions
9
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Origins of Neuroscience Localization of Function in the Brain –Charles Bell Cerebellum: Origin of the motor fibers Cerebrum: Destination of sensory fibers –Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens Experimental ablation method
10
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Localization of function from brain injury/stroke Example: Phineus Gage
11
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Origins of Neuroscience Localization of Function in the Brain (Cont’d) –Paul Broca Discrete region of the human cerebrum for speech
12
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Origins of Neuroscience Localization of Function in the Brain –Franz Joseph Gall Phrenology: Bumps on the surface of skull reflect brain surface and related personality traits
13
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Origins of Neuroscience Localization of Function in the Brain (Cont’d) –Regional specialization in different species
14
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Origins of Neuroscience Evolution of the Nervous System –Natural selection –Nervous systems of different species may share common mechanisms –Rationale for “animal models”
15
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Origins of Neuroscience The Neuron: The Basic Functional Unit of the Brain –Cell theory –Cells –Nerve cells
16
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Neuroscience Today Reductionist approach –Levels of analysis Molecular Cellular Systems Behavioral Cognitive
17
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Concluding Remarks Goal of neuroscience:To learn how the nervous system functions –Brain’s activity reflected in behavior –Computer-assisted imaging techniques –New treatments for nervous system disorders –Non-invasive methods –Experiments in live tissue
18
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins End of presentation
19
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Origins of Neuroscience Prehistoric ancestors –Brain vital to life Skull surgeries –Evidence: Trepanation –Skulls show signs of healing Views of ancient Egypt –Heart: Seat of soul and memory (not the head)
20
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
21
Neuroscience Today The Neuroscientist -Education, Training, Research experience -Clinical vs. Experimental research
22
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Neuroscience Today Scientific Process –Observation –Replication –Interpretation –Verification
23
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Neuroscience Today The Use of Animals in Neuroscience Research –Animals: Renewable natural resources –The more basic the process under investigation, the more distant the evolutionary relationship with humans Examples (from simple to more complex) - nematodes, insects, snails, squid, rodents, monkeys, etc.
24
Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Neuroscience Today The Cost of Ignorance: Nervous System Disorders
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.