1. MaryAnn E. Marrocolo Assistant Commissioner Planning and Preparedness New York City Office of Emergency Management Emergency Management Planning New York Style

2. Agenda What have we learned? What does this mean for emergency planning? Creating Plans to Facilitate Execution and Action In Summary…

3. What have we learned?

4. Question Comparing major urban centers and small town/rural areas, there are more similarities than differences in emergency preparedness. a. True b. False

5. Hurricane Andrew Inadequate communication between levels of government concerning specific needs Lack of full awareness of supply inventories and agency capabilities Failure to have a single person in charge with a clear chain of command Inability to cut through bureaucratic red tape

6. Oklahoma City Bombing The IEMS and ICS weakened early due to: – Immediate response of numerous local, state, and federal agencies – Three separate locations of the Incident Command Post – Deployment of many Mobile Command Posts, representing support agencies Lack of knowledge of IEMS, disaster response/ recovery planning and implementation, and emergency management functions

7. 9/11 Initial Response Response operation lacked integrated communications and unified command, both within and among individual responding agencies Crucial information for informed decision-making was not shared among agencies.

8. 2004-2005 Sonoma County Grand Jury Report Written plans and checklists are not consistent among county, cities, agencies, and departments In some cases written plans are non-existent. The spasmodic use of checklists misses a great opportunity to put effective planning into action at times of great personal stress and confusion. Most senior management and elected officials interviewed were distanced from, and in some cases ignorant of, salient pieces of the plans.

9. Hurricane Katrina Command and Control was impaired at all levels of government Failure to heed past lessons learned from exercises and actual events Leaders were not well versed in protocol and failed to successfully implement the National Response Plan, and with it, NIMS

10. Question In my experience, the most important of the following factors which leads to an inadequate response is: a. Lack of clarity of who is in charge b. Confusion about roles and responsibilities c. People’s failure to follow the plan d. Poor communication with “end users”

11. Have we learned anything at all? It is unclear who is in charge or what their job is. –Roles and responsibilities are confused. People do not execute the plan. WHY? Our plans fail to communicate to the “end user” what is to be done.

12. What does this mean for emergency planning?

13. Re-thinking the Traditional Emergency planning guidance is antiquated and does not meet the needs of modern emergency response. –SLG 101 was last updated in 1996 and made no structural changes to its predecessor CPG 1-8 (1990). Increasingly complex emergencies require plans that clearly articulate: –Roles and responsibilities –Response options –Actions and tasks

14. Moving from Concept to Action Action & Execution Options Roles Tasks

15. Creating Plans to Facilitate Execution and Action

16. Plan Simplification

17. Plan Simplification (cont.)

18. A Format that Clearly Answers… Who? What? When? Where? How?

19. A Format that Links Options and Tasks to Operational Phases Operational Overview CIMS Phases of an Incident –Activation and implementation –Investigative operations –Life safety operations –Recovery and restoration operations

20. Case Study: Transit Strike

21. A Format that Relates Options to Tasks Operational Strategies Connective tissue for options and tasks

22. Case Study: Transit Strike (cont.)

23. A Format that Relates Roles to Tasks Agency Operations Field Operations ESF Operations OEM Operations Exec Operations Level of Detail

24. Case Study: Transit Strike (cont.)

26. Question In my jurisdiction, we have simplified our public health response plan into practical checklists for the end users. a. True b. False

27. Case Study: Transit Strike (cont.)

29. In Summary… Don’t learn the same lesson twice. Don’t forget the end user… it’s not you. Don’t forget to link options, roles, and tasks.

30. Questions? mmarrocolo@oem.nyc.gov 718-422-4385