2. Broadband  Broadband= ‘Broad’ + ‘Band’  Transportation of multiple signals & traffic simultaneously.  Medium- OFC, twisted Cu pair, wireless.  Before broadband, Dial-up was in use.  Cable modem introduced in 1997. Became familiar in 2001..

3. Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL)

4. What is DSL.?  High Internet Access over existing telephone lines.  Utilizes bridge or router at customer location connects to DSLAM.  The DSLAM connects and we are connected to internet.  DSL technology introduced in 1989.

6. Features of DSL  Fast Access.  Constant Connectivity.  Big-business bandwidth at small- business price.  Uninterrupted phone services.

7. Introduction to ADSL  Enables high speed data transfer in same Cu telephone lines.  Utilizes the frequencies that is not used by telephones calls.  A splitter allows single telephone lines to be used for both.  At exchange line terminates at DSLAM.

10. Operation

13. ADSL capacities  The "upstream" and "downstream" pipelines have different capacities.  ADSL broadband can transfer data at rates of 1.5 to 9 Mbps when receiving data.  The ability of ADSL to send data, is limited to between 16 to 640 Kbps.

14. ADSL UpstreamADSL Downstream Minimum 16,000 bits/sec1,500,000 bits/sec Maximum 640,000 bits/sec9,000,000 bits/sec

15. ADSL Strength  Inexpensive  Widely available  High speed downloads and surf.  Always connected, do not monopolize phone lines.  Multiple user access without degradation

16. ADSL weakness  Not available everywhere, say above 5.5 km from exchange.  Speed is affected as distance increases.  Web conferencing, web hosting, VoIP services are not well suited to ADSL.

17. Alternatives  IDSL  SDSL  VDSL

18. IDSL  ISDN Digital Subscriber Lines  Speed 144kbps.  Not available in all countries

19. SDSL  Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line  Up and Downstream Bandwidth are same.  Narrow cable supports only data, not analog calls.  Speed- 1.54 - 2.04 Mbps  Max distance- 3 km. (10,000 fts)  Needs separate copper pair.

20. VDSL  Very-high-bit-rate DSL.  Faster than ADSL.  Speed  Cu pair  Down- 52Mbps, Up-16Mbps  Coaxial cable  85 Mbps Up & Down

22. Made by-  Pratik Sadegaonkar  Rahul Yadav  Rahul Marar  Rajesh Gavel  Jaimala Jain