1. Small hydropower: water for energy Luigi Papetti ESHA

2. ESHA OBJECTIVES Promotion of SHP with an installed capacity up to 10 MW Lobbying for SHP on European level (European Parliament, European Commission, etc.) Support for national SHP associations Information, dissemination, and awareness raising for SHP issues (publications, workshops, conferences) Research on SHP issues (EC-contracts in different programs)

3. SMALL HYDRO DEFINITION “Hydroelectric power plant with an installed (maximum) capacity up to 10 MW”

4. A small hydro plant (6,7 MW)

5. Another small hydro plant (pico hydro, 600 W)

6. This is Large Hydro

7. This is the Largest Hydro ever

8. What do we pay for? Power Energy Rule of thumb for run-of-river plants E [kWh] = P [kW] x 4.500 [h] P [kW] ~ Q [m 3 /s] x H [m] x 7,8 P = electrical power output QQ = rated discharge HH = net head

9. EU-27 Electricity mix (2004) Source: EC-DG TREN Eurostat

10. 200420102020 TWh% % % Wind58.513.4%19427.4%53040.6% PV0.740.2%7.51.1%554.2% Biomass for electricity67.915.6%13819.5%30023.0% Hydro303.869.6%35650.3%38429.4% Geothermal5.51.3%71.0%141.1% Solar thermal electricity00.0%20.3%90.7% Ocean00.0%30.4%151.1% Totale RES436.44100%707.5100.0%1307100.0% EU-27 Renewables mix Source: EREC

11. Potential economic - exploited ~ 250 TWh/year ~ 55 GW installed capacity technical – economic ~ 450 TWh/year ~ 100 GW installed capacity

12. Perspectives multipurpose plants (electricity production combined with drinking water supply systems, waste water treatment plants, irrigation channels) low-head and very low head plants. It is estimated that 1 to 1.5 GW can be installed in Europe using existing dams, weirs, irrigation infrastructures etc, with a very low environmental impact as the infrastructure already exists

13. THE END www.esha.be www.studiofrosio.it

14. Head Flow