1. CINEMATIC TECHNIQUES AND THEIR EFFECTS

2. TYPES OF SHOTS Type of ShotDescriptionEffect Establishing ShotOften a long shot or a series of shots that sets the scene Establish Setting and show Transitions Long ShotA shot for a distance that shows a person’s whole body Isolation and Vulnerability Medium ShotMost common shot. Shows people from the waste up. Grounds the story and makes the audience feel like they are “with” the character. Close-upImage takes up 80% of the frameShows importance or highlights details Extreme Close-upTakes up the whole frame and is part of a whole (foot) Show the importance of what is being shown. Two ShotA scene between 2 people that shows both characters equally Shows the relationship between the two characters and how they interact.

3. TYPES OF ANGLES AngleDescriptionEffect Eye LevelA shot taken from a normal or natural height that is at the character’s eye level (Straight on) Natural Angle, Helps the audience connect with the characters High AngleShot taken from above the subject, makes the object/character look small Weak, powerless, and trapped Low AngleThe camera films from below the subject, makes the object/character look big Strong, powerful, and threatening

4. TYPES OF LIGHTING Type of LightingDescriptionEffect High KeyThe scene is flooded with light Bright, angelic, open, and honest Low KeyThe scene is flooded with darkness or shadows Suspense, suspicion Bottom or Side LightingDirect lighting comes from below or the side Dangerous or Evil (Object being shown) Front or Back LightingSoft lighting on the actor’s face or from behind Innocence, goodness, halo effect

5. TYPES OF SOUND Type of SoundDescriptionEffect DiegeticSound that could logically be heard by the characters I.E. Dialogue, musicians playing at a concert, etc Shows the relationships, actions, and characteristics of the characters Non-DiegeticSound that cannot be heard by the characters but is designed for the audience’s reaction only I.E. The background music in Jaws, etc. Helps create the mood, foreshadowing, etc. for the audience.

6. TYPES OF CAMERA MOVEMENT Type of MovementDescriptionEffect PanA stationary camera moves from side to side on a horizontal axis To give the audience more information about the scene and its progression TiltA stationary camera moves up or down on a vertical axis To give the audience the feeling of “checking out” a character or object Zoom – InThe camera focuses in on a specific objectReveals a personal or revealing moment about the character or shows importance Zoom – OutThe camera gives the feeling of moving away from a character or object Distances or separates the audience from a character or object. Boom/CraneThe camera is hanging over the action taking overhead shots Helps give the audience more detail in the setting or makes them more of an observer. DollyThe camera moves along with the action (Truck, car, helicopter, etc.) Makes the audience feel like they are right there with the characters.

7. EDITING TECHNIQUES Type of Editing TechniquesDescriptionEffect FlashbackThe scene jobs back to something that has happened in the past Gives the audience more information about the characters or the scene, clarifies, or explains Shot-Reverse-ShotA shot of one subject, then another, then back to the first. Often used in conversation shots. Shows the relationship between characters, their reactions to events, etc. Fade or DissolveThe image slowly leaves the film. Shows the end of the scene or shows a connection between 2 images.

8. HOW DOES STYLE/LITERARY TERMS APPLY TO CINEMA Style Device (Literary Term)Cinematic Technique Tone: The speaker’s attitude conveyed through the author’s choice of words or detail. Mood: The atmosphere of most common emotion in a literary work Lighting and Sound Diction: Word ChoiceDiegetic Sound (Dialogue) Imagery: Word or phrases that appeal t the senses that represent people, actions, objects, feelings, or ideas Setting, costumes, or symbolism (Shot types) Organization: The narrative structure of the piece – how a text begins and ends, is sequenced, paced or arranged. Storyboarding or editing of the screen Syntax: the arrangement of words and the order of grammatical elements in a sentence. Editing Techniques Point of View: The perspective from which a narrative is told. Type of shots and Camera Movement