1. Aim: How did Muhammad Successors Spread Islam?

2. The First Caliph Muhammad did not make a succor or instructed his followers how to choose one Muhammad did not make a succor or instructed his followers how to choose one Muslim community elects a leader Muslim community elects a leader 632 CE- Abu-Bakr becomes first Caliph 632 CE- Abu-Bakr becomes first Caliph Means Successor or deputy Means Successor or deputy

3. Invoke Jihad After Muhammad death, tribes abandon Islam After Muhammad death, tribes abandon Islam Abu-Bakr invokes Jihad Abu-Bakr invokes Jihad Means striving and struggle against evil Means striving and struggle against evil Word in Quran- Armed struggle against unbelievers Word in Quran- Armed struggle against unbelievers Justified expansion of Islam Justified expansion of Islam Next two Caliphs after Abu-Bakr continue to expand Muslim territory Next two Caliphs after Abu-Bakr continue to expand Muslim territory

4. Treatment of Conquered People Qur’an restricts forced conversions Qur’an restricts forced conversions Muslims allowed people to follow their own religions Muslims allowed people to follow their own religions Christian and Jews get special consideration Christian and Jews get special consideration

5. Internal Conflict Problem: Problem: Muhammad didn’t appoint successor Muhammad didn’t appoint successor Result: Result: Muslim community has difficulty maintaining unified rule Muslim community has difficulty maintaining unified rule Muslim Community splits (Sunni/Shia) Muslim Community splits (Sunni/Shia) Sunni (83%)- First 4 Caliphs rightly guided Sunni (83%)- First 4 Caliphs rightly guided Shia (26%)- Ali ( Muhammad’s Son in law) should have succeeded him Shia (26%)- Ali ( Muhammad’s Son in law) should have succeeded him