1. Light-Duty Suspension Systems Parts Technician First Period Material Identification and Calculations 270103h

2. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 1 - Forces that act on the suspension system.

3. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta

4. Figure 2 - Leaf springs.

5. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 3 - Longitudinal multiple-leaf spring. (Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

6. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 4 - Auxiliary spring under load.

7. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 5 - A transverse spring. (Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

8. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 6 - Fixed rate leaf spring (bottom) and variable rate spring (top).

9. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 7 - Spring insulators.

10. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 8 - Spring rate of a fixed rate coil spring.

11. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 9 - Variable rate coil spring designs. (Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

12. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 10 - Longitudinal torsion bar. (Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

13. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 11 - Transverse torsion bar suspension.

14. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 12 - Air spring.

15. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 13 - Air spring combined with a coil spring.

16. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta

17. Figure 14 - Basic shock absorber components.

18. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 15 - Shock absorber in jounce condition. (Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

19. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 16 - Shock absorber in rebound condition. (Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

20. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta

21. Figure 17 - Dual-action hydraulic shock absorber.

22. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 18 - Gas-charged shock absorber.

23. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta

24. Figure 19 - Load leveller shock absorbers.

25. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 20 - GM electronic level control shock absorber. (Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

26. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 21 - Automatic ride control shock absorber.

27. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 22 - Various shock absorber mounting methods.

28. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 23 - Twisting action of stabilizer when cornering.

29. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 24 - Front stabilizer. (Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

30. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 25 - Rear stabilizer. (Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

31. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 26 - Stabilizer replacement parts. (Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

32. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 27 - Stabilizer bar bushings.

33. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 28 - A-frame triangulation. (Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

34. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 29 - Triangulation of single-pivot lower control arm with strut rod.

35. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 30 - Threaded steel suspension bushings. (Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

36. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 31 - Torsilastic suspension bushings. (Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

37. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 32 - Examples of ball joints. (Courtesy Dana Corporation)

38. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 33 - Single I-beam front suspension. (Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

39. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 34 - Twin I-beam front suspension. (Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

40. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 35 - I-beam arrangement with one beam removed.

41. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 36 - Short and long arm suspension.

42. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 37 - MacPherson strut suspension.

43. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 38 - Modified strut.

44. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 39 - Double wishbone suspension.

45. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 40 - Solid axle rear-wheel drive with leaf springs. (Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

46. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 41 - Solid axle rear-wheel drive with coil springs. (Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

47. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 42 - Independent rear-wheel drive suspension. (Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

48. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 43 - Independent trailing arm suspension. (Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

49. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 44 - Solid rear axle suspension typical of many front-wheel drive vehicles. (Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

50. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 45 - Trailing arm rear suspension. (Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

51. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 46 - Single-pivot rear suspension. (Reproduced with permission of Ford Motor Co.)

52. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta

53. Figure 47 - Multiple control arm rear suspension.

54. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 48 - Multi-link rear suspension.

55. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 49 - Electronic level control. (Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

56. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 50 - ELC compressor. (Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

57. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 51 - Height sensor. (Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

58. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 52 - Active air suspension. (Courtesy Toyota Canada Inc.)

59. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Figure 53 - Electronic ride control. (Courtesy Toyota Canada Inc.)

60. © 2013, Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Alberta Table 1 - Common replacement components and recommendations.