1. Summary of Implementation and Findings for the Green Diamond NSO HCP Since 1992 1.Program 2.Status of Surveys 3.Demographic/Density Studies 4.Data Available 5.Summary of Trends

2. Signed September 1992 30-year plan with a 10-year major review (amended 2007)

3. Major Provisions of HCP Conservation strategy: –Grow owl habitat –Additional measures: Set asides –39 areas, 13,200 acres (no harvest) Special management area –36,500 acres, no owl “take” No direct harm to nesting owls Research and monitoring Incidental take permit (58 takes over 30 years)

5. Studies and Monitoring On-going surveys since 1989 and demography study since 1990 Numerous studies on prey base Largest NSO dataset in existence: 1,824 captures, >4,000 total captures/recaptures Dusky-footed woodrat Sonoma tree vole

6. Residual older structure is important for roosting and nesting Key NSO Findings

7. Woodrats are the primary prey and their density is highest in young forest stands Density (# rats / ha) Stand age class Food Habits Hamm 1995

8. Telemetry study including night vision work,1998-2000 hunting perches

9. Development of “Foraging” and Nesting Resource Selection Models “Foraging” model based on telemetry data from 24 owls (1998-2000) Nesting model based on nests from 1990-2001 –Successful nest (173) with >75% coverage in GIS –Foraging RS model applicable

10. Analysis of ‘Habitat Fitness’ NTA (“Foraging”) model based on telemetry data Nesting model based on successful nests from 1990-2001 Survival analysis –Mark-resight data of 835 individuals from 1990-03 Fecundity analysis –467 nests from 1990-2001

11. Landscape habitat characteristics within 0.71 km radius circles. Dark areas are NSO habitat; white areas are other vegetation types. (From Franklin et al., 2000)

12. Culmination of Ten-Year Review Analysis of Habitat Quality The very best habitat will increase by 83% over the life of the Plan By 2060, a total of 87% of the ownership is projected to be in the two highest categories of habitat quality Roosting and nesting habitat (stable core area) in close proximity to young forests (woodrat habitat) is the key

13. Fish bearing Non-Fish bearing (2,531 miles) Non-Fish bearing Drivers of future habitat quality: Riparian reserves that will create more older forests adjacent to young forests

14. (Best) Projections of Habitat Fitness Future landscapes: 1 st decade based on harvest forecast Next 40 years based on spatially explicit harvest schedule model

15. Projections of Habitat Fitness Future landscapes: 1 st 10 years based on planned harvest schedule Next 40 years based on spatially explicit harvest schedule model

16. Projections of Habitat Fitness Future landscapes: 1 st 10 years based on planned harvest schedule Next 40 years based on spatially explicit harvest schedule model

17. Projections of Habitat Fitness Future landscapes: 1 st 10 years based on planned harvest schedule Next 40 years based on spatially explicit harvest schedule model

18. Projections of Habitat Fitness Future landscapes: 1 st 10 years based on planned harvest schedule Next 40 years based on spatially explicit harvest schedule model

19. Projections of Habitat Fitness Future landscapes: 1 st 10 years based on planned harvest schedule Next 40 years based on spatially explicit harvest schedule model

20. Percent Ownership in Different Projected Habitat Lambda Values by Decade

21. Trends in Apparent Survival From: Forsman et al. In press. “Demographic Trends of Northern Spotted Owls: A Meta-analysis, 1985-2008.

22. Trends in Fecundity From: Forsman et al. In press. “Demographic Trends of Northern Spotted Owls: A Meta-analysis, 1985-2008.

23. Realized Rate of Population Change From: Forsman et al. In press. “Demographic Trends of Northern Spotted Owls: A Meta-analysis, 1985-2008.

24. Response of NSO to Habitat Modification (Displacement) Timber harvesting activities may directly harm or kill owls – not documented in 20+ years Some habitat modification may indirectly harm owls through changes in behavior that results in a reduction in site occupancy, survival or reproduction – form of take documented under HCP

25. Reporting and assessment of take occurred when habitat triggers exceeded Direct – harvest within 500’ of owl site Indirect – harvesting within 0.5 mile radius such that: 45 years old or 30 years old

26. Biological Verification of Take Assess three years following timber harvest that triggered a take: –Owls nest in 2 years –Continuous occupancy and nesting in 1 year Assess for a maximum of five years following timber harvest

27. Analysis of Biological Impacts of Take Used top models from 2008 NSO meta-analysis (Forsman et al. 2011) to analyze impacts of take on survival and fecundity Conclusions: –Take as documented in HCP had no measureable affect on mean annual survival –Take did affect reproduction with a mean annual reduction of 2.8% in the number of young produced

28. Enter a New Threat Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) Northern Barred Owl (Strix varia varia)

29. Barred Owl Removal Experiment Beginning in 2009, barred owls removed (treatment) from half of Green Diamonds spotted owl study area Allowed to colonize and increase in the other half (control) Response variables: NSO occupancy, survival and fecundity

30. Trend in occupied NSO sites on adjacent treatment and control areas 16 BOs removed from 9 territories 8 BOs removed from 5 territories “Reference year” 11 BOs removed from 6 territories

31. Mad River NSO Sites Sullivan 4107 4128 4230 #2 Nursery 4230 #1 Lower Quarry Boundary Lower Dry 5700 4076 6007 Blue Blossom Devils Creek 4910 Lower Simpson 6000 CF Dry Cr Occupied in 2009 New in 2010 Scale = 0.5 miles or= nested

33. Tentative Conclusions from Removal Case Studies At least some resident NSOs apparently remain near their historical activity center for years following displacement by BOs High and often rapid re-colonization by both original resident and new NSOs suggests BOs tend to displace NSOs from high quality sites (i.e., BOs are taking sites that are in “high demand” by NSOs)

34. Model averaged estimates of detection probabilities with 95% confidence limits derived from Green Diamond’s THP data. Estimates were generated for May 7 of each year.

35. Rob Nagel Photography

36. Forest HCP Covered Species Northern Spotted Owl Pacific fisher Red and Sonoma tree voles Courtesy Nick Nichols

37. Conservation Program Biological Goals Retain and Recruit Habitat Elements Barred Owl Research Promote Habitat Mosaic Protection of Covered Species Compliance, Validation, Monitoring, Adaptation

38. Photo courtesy Nick Nichols, NGM