1. Essential Question: NONE
5.4 Evolution: Evidence for Evolution: Artificial Selection
Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 45
Topic: 5.4 Evolution: Evidence for Evolution: Artificial Selection
Essential Question: NONE
Key Vocabulary:
Artificial Selection

2. Artificial Selection
The art and science of breeding domesticated animals provides a good record of recent changes in heritable characteristics
Cattle
Horses
Dogs
Sheep
Pigeons

3. Artificial Selection
Artificial selection (or selective breeding) describes intentional breeding for certain traits, or combination of traits.
humans favor specific traits
The deliberate exploitation of artificial selection has become very common in experimental biology, as well as the discovery and invention of new drugs.
Artificial selection can also be unintentional; it is thought that domestication of crops by early humans was largely unintentional.

4. Artificial Selection: Pigeons

5. Artificial Selection: Dog Breeds
Dogs belong to a single species, Canis familiaris
Comprised of about 400 different breeds
Since they are a single species, they can mate and have viable offspring
Recognized dog breeds take generations to establish through selective breeding or artificial selection.
Many of the breeds we have today are the result of people's desire to have dogs with specific features that make them suitable for performing particular tasks
Such as: retrieving, protection, assistance, hunting, and companionship, to name just a few.
The process of breeding a new type of dog often involves 1) identifying desired features, 2) finding dogs with those features, 3)then performing a series of matings to produce offspring with the appropriate combination of traits. After a number of generations, a new breed may be established!

6. Artificial Selection: Dog Breeds

7. Artificial Selection: Dog Breeds
Heritability is the ability of a trait to be passed down
Poodle
Labrador
*They are not considered a breed by any major fancier and breeder organization
Labradoodle

8. Artificial Selection
By watching which males mated with which females, breeders could see which characteristics the offspring would have
Of the offspring produced, not all would be equally valuable in the eyes of the breeder
Certain cows produced better quality milk and meat
Over the years, breeders learned to choose the males and females with the most desirable genetic characteristics and breed them together

9. Selective Breeding

10. Artificial Selection
After practicing selective breeding for dozens/hundreds of generations, farmers and breeders realized that certain varieties of animals had unique combinations of characteristics which did not exist before

11. Artificial Selection: Corn

12. Zea Mays: maize, or corn, the only domesticated taxon in the genus Zea
Corn, is a large grain plant domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain the grain, which are seeds called kernels. Maize kernels are often used in cooking as a starch.
The first corn plants only grew small, one-inch long corn cobs, and only one per plant, but artificial selection by the indigenous people of the Americas made it to grow several cobs per plant, and usually several inches long each time.

13. Artificial Selection: Greens

14. Artificial Selection: Bananas

15. Artificial Selection
Although this is evidence that evolution is happening due to an accumulation of small changes over time, the driving force is…
HUMAN CHOICE!!!!
The farmers and breeders choose which animals will reproduce, and which will not
It should be obvious that this is not the driving force of evolution in natural ecosystems

16. Artificial Selection (4m38s)

17. Artificially Selecting Dogs Activity

22. We crossed English, French, and Irish foxhounds to get today’s American Foxhound!

23. English Foxhound
French Foxhound
American Foxhound

27. Use Dog Traits Teacher Sheet as your guide

29. Science Today: Creating the Perfect Pet

30. Artificially Selecting Dogs
Objective: You and your group will artificially create a new dog breed with by selecting desired traits, and crossing two existing breeds.

31. Ownership Card

32. Artificially Selecting Dogs Activity
Using the “Dog Breeds” side, please put a check mark next to all dog traits that match your selected traits
Circle the BEST two dogs to mate
Choose which dog to make the mother/father
Since there are three offspring, flip a coin three times for each trait to be inherited.
keep track of the results of their coin flips on the "Puppy Traits" worksheet.
Heads = the female's (mother's) feature
Tails = the male's (father's) feature.