1. The Origin of the Universe

2. What makes up the Universe?

3. The Universe All of the _____________, ____________, and _____________that exists in the physical world It is made up of billions of galaxies that contain billions of stars and billions of planets! Scientists believe that the Universe is about ____________ BILLION YEARS OLD All began with something called the _________________________

4. Opening Credits: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItRtfwYtr_4

5. The Cosmic Calendar JANUARY FEBRUARYMARCH New Year’s Day: 12:00:01 – The Big Bang 5 th – First Stars Form 20 th – First Galaxies Form The Milky Way Forms

6. The Cosmic Calendar APRILMAY JUNE JULY

7. The Cosmic Calendar AUGUST SEPTEMBER Our Solar System Forms – Sun, Planets, Asteroids, Moons Oldest Known Life – First Single-Celled Organisms Appear

8. The Cosmic Calendar NOVEMBER First Multi-Cellular Organisms Appear OCTOBER

9. DECEMBER 1234567 891011121314 151617 First Vertebrates 18 First Land Plants 1920 First Four- Limbed Animals 21 Variety of Insects Begin to Flourish 222324 First Dinosaurs Appear 25 First Mammal Ancestors 2627 First Birds Appear 28 29 Dinosaurs Wiped Out by Asteroid or Comet 3031 10:15 am – Apes Appear 9:24 pm – First Humans Ancestors to Walk Upright 11:54 pm – Anatomically Modern Humans Appear 11:59:45 pm – Invention of Writing 11:59:50 pm – Pyramids Built in Egypt 11:59:59 pm – Voyage of Christopher Columbus

10. What is a THEORY?

11. The Big Bang Theory Billions of years ago, everything in the universe was crunched up into a tiny speck that was smaller than the period at the end of this sentence. How did this little speck become the universe we know today?

12. The Big Bang Theory All _________________ and ___________________ was once concentrated in a small, hot area After an instantaneous and gigantic explosion, matter began to organize into subatomic particles and _______________ Most of the earliest atoms were _________________ and _______________

13. The Big Bang Theory The universe began __________________ in all directions and continues to expand today Everything in the universe is constantly moving away from everything else in the universe and ____________

15. Full Song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ES2OyRQeclk

16. The Universe is actually accelerating today!

17. Are we at the center of the Universe?

19. Is it possible to move at different speeds and directions at the same time? Is one set of data right and one set of data wrong? How can we explain this?

20. In 1929 Edwin Hubble made the amazing discovery that distant galaxies are speeding ______________ from each other Einstein's Theory of Gravity proved that space itself can ______________, explaining what Hubble had discovered

21. Evidence for the Big Bang Every star emits radiation in the form of ______________ called electromagnetic energy Each element emits energy in specific _________________ The human eye sees the different wavelengths of visible light as ___________

22. Bottom of Page 14 in Earth Science Reference Table

23. Spectrum of an Element

24. Shorter Wavelengths = __________ Energy Long Wavelengths = __________ Energy

25. The Doppler Effect https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imoxDcn2Sgo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3G_eaSaLck

26. The Doppler Effect As a fire truck approaches, it gets louder and higher pitched because the wavelengths of sound are compressing and getting shorter  __________________________________ As the fire truck passes, it gets lower pitched because the wavelengths of sound expand are getting longer  ___________________________

27. The Doppler Effect The same thing occurs between Earth and other celestial objects If a star is moving away from us, its wavelength gets ______________ and shifts towards the ___________ end of the spectrum If a star is moving toward us, its wavelength gets _____________ and shifts towards the _____________ end of the spectrum

28. The Doppler Effect By studying the spectrum of an element from a celestial object, we can determine if it is moving toward or away from us Spectrum of an Element

29. Red Shift Normal Spectrum of an Element: Spectrum of the same element coming from a distant star: Spectral Lines

30. Blue Shift Normal Spectrum of an Element: Spectrum of the same element coming from a distant star: Spectral Lines

32. Moving away = red  tail lights of car Moving toward = blue  new fancy headlights of car

33. This is the emission spectra of the element Hydrogen from a distant star. Is the star moving toward or away from us?

34. Spectra of normal Helium in lab: Spectra of Helium emitted from distant galaxy: Is this galaxy moving toward or away from us?

35. If the universe is expanding, would we expect all celestial objects to have a red shift or a blue shift? Red Shift!

36. When would we ever see a blue shift?

37. Fastness of Galaxy Movement The farther the spectral lines are from the original, the faster the galaxy is moving!

38. Radiation Energy emitted as ____________

39. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Scientists have theorized that if a Big Bang did occur, the ___________ created by the explosion would have expanded with the matter Therefore, there would be _______ trapped in the universe left over from the Big Bang

40. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation