1. Scalable and Robust Video Encoding for Real-time Communication Samah A. Senbel Advisor Advisor: Dr. Hussein Abdel Wahab

2. Outline F Introduction & Motivation F Background F A new Image Encoding Technique F Quadtree-based Video Encoding Technique F Octree-based Video Encoding Technique F Differential Octree-based Video Encoding Technique F Experimental results

3. Introduction & Motivation The Requirements for a real-time encoding technique are : l Good Compression Ratio l Simplicity l Scalability l Robustness l Ease of decoding

4. Introduction & Motivation We developed these 4 Encoders: l Quadtree-based Image Encoder l Differential Quadtree-based Video Encoder l Octree-based Video Encoder l Differential Octree-based Video Encoder

5. Scalability

6. Why do we need Scalability? l Heterogeneous Receivers l Low-bandwidth communication Distant Learning Mobile hosts l Dealing with network traffic l Better error control

7. Background (Quadtree)

8. Vector Quantization

9. Overview of the Image Encoding Technique

10. Step 1: Mean removal

11. Step 2: Generate Quadtree

12. Step 3: Vector Quantization l The Quadtree data is then COMPRESSED using vector quantization l Each level is encoded independently to reflect its importance.

13. Decoding Technique l Perform reverse vector quantization (table look up) l Convert from Quadtree to array l Add the means image

14. Experimental results Robustness

15. Experimental Results Robustness at 20 % loss

16. Differential Quadtree Encoding Technique

17. Test Videos

18. Compression results

19. Scalability

20. Robustness

21. Octree

22. The Octree Video Encoding Technique

23. Encoding Technique

24. Compression(1) MissA Encoded at 16 Kbps

25. Compression(2) Football Encoded at 16 Kbps

26. Robustness

27. Differential Octree Encoding Technique

28. Summary Main Objective: Design a Video Encoder with these properties: Good Compression Scalability Robustness Ease of Decoding

29. Summary We developed these 4 Encoders: l Quadtree-based Image Encoder l Differential Quadtree-based Video Encoder l Octree-based Video Encoder l Differential Octree-based Video Encoder