1. CHAPTER 11 DAY NURSERIES TO DAY CARE TO CHILD CARE TO QUALITY 2000 Cindy Shelton

2. DAY CARE Child care in the absence of parents Many varieties of day care Has evolved from a form of welfare to programs for working mothers Has an identify problem Day care is an education program but it is also a social service program

3. THE 1800’S Baby farms- unsanitary and crowded Earliest day cares took efficient care of children while their parents worked “custodial care” – low quality, take custody while parents work Day nurseries provided protection, custodial care and physical care and could prevent children being placed in institutions No support from society

4. 1900-1950’S Most states did not license day cares Health standards low which led to spread of disease and infection By 1920 people began to look for cooperation between day nursery and nursery school Day Nursery association helped day nurseries to constructive education work

5. TYPES OF DAY NURSERIES Independent Commercial Nursery – called family child care /friendly neighborhood caring for children of others Philanthropic Nursery – charitable relief / for charity, religious organizations, welfare and social settlements Industrial Nursery – attract working mothers / led to employee sponsored day cares Day Nurseries in a public school system – evolved with compulsory attendance laws for younger siblings,

6. 1960’S-1990’S Surveys highlighted need for better facilities and showed that current facilities were inadequate Nationwide Conference on day care in Washington DC  Encourage development of day care services  Examine extent and variety of day care needs and resources  Identify roadblocks  Broaden community responsibility Until 1970 Government had minimal involvement in child care With Head Start and Work Incentive Programs federal involvement and spending increased Head start became full day child care centers in late 60’s Four C concept initiated and funded by federal government - community coordinated child care

7. GUIDELINES, REGULATIONS, STANDARDS & LICENSING Federal support led to new regulations Gwen Morgan worked with child care licensing and said that children in the 80’s were no safer that in the past Quality 2000 incentive – three year project looking at alternative approaches to regulation 1970’s progress and challenges in child care field  Nixon was a supporter  Reagan reduced support for early childhood  Child care continued to grow even without government and business support

8. FOR PROFIT CHILD CARE Individually owned business Franchise Operation Chain Operated Centers Round the clock day care if becoming more popular

9. TRAINING OF PERSONNEL Caretaker does not require specialized training 1940’s - training needed for early educators which was done in home economics departments and private teacher training facilities 1970’s – educators of young need to gain skills and competencies / community based teacher education in schools 1990’s – 1997 NAEYC developed guidelines for associates programs in early childhood / training at vocational schools / formal education was strong predictor of good caregiving Moving forward- increasing professional standards, quality and professional development