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1 Catastrophic Sports and Recreation Injuries in Ontario 1986-1995.

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Presentation on theme: "1 Catastrophic Sports and Recreation Injuries in Ontario 1986-1995."— Presentation transcript:

1 1 Catastrophic Sports and Recreation Injuries in Ontario 1986-1995

2 2 Objectives After this presentation, participants will: –Understand the process of obtaining “comprehensive”* data on catastrophic injuries in sports –Discuss the top 10 most injurious sports, from a neurotrauma perspective –Know the major risk factors associated with neurotrauma in sports –Be introduced to best practices in the prevention of neurotrauma in sports

3 3 Understanding Injury Through Epidemiology 1.What? 2.How? 3.Where? 4.How often? 5.To whom?

4 4 Method Data was gathered through prospective surveys sent to selected physicians and surgeons, or data coordinators at 11-13 regional Trauma Centres; Coroner’s System; media reports This study uses data from four study years: 1986, 1989, 1992, and 1995.

5 5 Number of Individuals Sustaining Fatal or Non-Fatal Catastrophic Injuries (1985-1989-1992-1995) The annual rate of catastrophic injuries was 2154/4, or 539 per year 539 per year

6 6 1. What ? What do we mean by catastrophic*? –Death –Lifelong disability *includes all brain and spinal injuries (2154 cases or 539 per year of study) Drowning (Fishing, swimming, boating) Brain Injuries (bicycling, snowmobiling, ATVs) Spinal Injuries (diving, snowmobiling, hockey) Sudden Death (basketball, squash, badminton) Chest Injuries (snowmobiling, bicycling) Eye Injuries (hockey, baseball, racquet sports) Facial Injuries (snow- mobiles, hockey,bicycling) Limb Injuries (uncommon) Types of Injuries

7 7 2. How? Activities in which the injuries occurred

8 8 Alcohol and Catastrophic Injury

9 9 3. Where? Location of injury sites.

10 10 Snowmobiling and Diving Locations

11 11 Figure 2.6 The frequency of the main types of injuries during the four study years. 4. How Often? The frequency of the main types of injuries during the four study years

12 12 ActivityInjuries%Fatalities% Water52524.433452.9 Motor42619.814623.1 Winter35016.3132.1 Bicycling28913.46710.6 Misc1296.0335.2 Baseball914.200 Field884.130.5 Racquet703.300 Play632.981.3 Floor532.520.3 Equestrian432.0101.6 Hunting251.1152.4 TOTAL2152100.0631100.0 Injuries and Fatalities by Group (1986, 1989, 1992, 1995)

13 13 Water Sports Injuries and Fatalities ActivityInjuries% (all groups) Fatalities%( all groups) Water Sports Canoe271.3274.3 Sail80.471.1 Other boating 1125.27211.4 Diving1054.950.8 Fishing1265.911718.5 Scuba diving 100.5101.6 Swimming1004.68613.6 Waterskiing90.420.3 Other281.38 TOTAL52524.433452.2

14 14 Motor Sports Injuries and Fatalities ActivityInjuries% (all groups) Fatalities% (all groups) Motor Sports ATV833.9162.5 Snowmobile29013.512019 Other532.5101.6 TOTAL42619.814623.1

15 15 Winter Sports Injuries and Fatalities ActivityInjuries%Fatalities% Winter Sports Hockey1908.820.3 Alpine skiing653.050.8 Tobogganing622.940.6 Other331.520.3 TOTAL35016.3132.1

16 16 Catastrophic Injury Rates Risk to participantsRankActivity Catastrophic injury Rate* No. of Catastrophic Injuries Per 100,000 Participants Per Year 1.Diving0.570570.0 2.Snowmobiling0.08888.2 3.Parachuting0.06062.9 4.Tobogganing0.03837.7 5.Hang Gliding0.02929.4 6.Water Polo0.02424.5 7.Equestrian0.01211.6 8.Scuba0.01212.2 *Total Annual Catastrophic Injury Rate = Percentage of Participants Sustaining Catastrophic Injuries Per Year

17 17 Catastrophic Injury Rates Risk to participantsRankActivity Catastrophic injury Rate* No. of Catastrophic Injuries Per 100,000 Participants Per Year 9.Hunting0.01212.2 10.Fishing0.01111.0 11.Archery, Shooting 0.01011.1 12.Rugby0.0087.8 13.Skateboarding0.0077.3 14.Football0.0077.1 15.Hockey-Ice0.0066.3 *Total Annual Catastrophic Injury Rate = Percentage of Participants Sustaining Catastrophic Injuries Per Year

18 18 Catastrophic Injury Rates Risk to participantsRankActivity Catastrophic injury Rate* No. of Catastrophic Injuries Per 100,000 Participants Per Year 16.Wrestling0.0066.1 17.Boxing0.0065.7 18.Mountain Climbing 0.0055.5 19.Racquetball0.0055.3 20.Snowboarding0.0054.9 21.Sailing0.0054.9 22.Kayaking, Canoeing 0.0043.9 *Total Annual Catastrophic Injury Rate =Percentage of Participants Sustaining Catastrophic Injuries Per Year

19 19 Catastrophic Injury Rates Risk to participantsRankActivity Catastrophic injury Rate* No. of Catastrophic Injuries Per 100,000 Participants Per Year 23.Skiing-Alpine0.0033.2 24.Squash0.0033.0 25.Badminton0.0033.0 26.Ball Hockey0.0022.4 27.Bicycling0.0022.4 *Total Annual Catastrophic Injury Rate =Percentage of Participants Sustaining Catastrophic Injuries Per Year

20 20 Head and Spine Injuries – Survivors and Fatalities 1985, 1989, 1992, and 1995 SPORTHeadSpine Air Sports24 ATV3618 Badminton00 Ball Hockey31 Baseball232 Basketball50 Bicycling18650 Boat-canoe30 Boat-sail00 Boat-other15 Camp/Hike51 Dirt Bike107 Diving896 Field Sports30SPORTHeadSpine Fishing21 Floor Hockey00 Floor Sports31 Flying20 Football69 Golf111 Hunting61 In-line Skate81 Jogging31 Martial Arts11 Miscellaneous41 Missile10 Motor Biking87 Motor Sports74

21 21 Head and Spine Injuries – Survivors and Fatalities 1985, 1989, 1992, and 1995 SPORTHeadSpine Mountain Climb42 Parachuting02 Pellet Guns00 Playground/Play279 Racquet Sports00 Racquetball01 Rugby47 Scuba Diving10 Seadoo/Jet Ski31 Skateboarding71 Skating132 Skiing-Alpine2518 Skiing-Cross02 Sledding3114SPORTHeadSpine Snowboarding32 Snowmobile9774 Soccer60 Squash20 Swimming27 Tennis01 War Games00 Water-Play74 Waterskiing22 Winter-other10 Wrestling13 TOTAL640433

22 22 Brain and Spine Injury and Prevention ATVResearch under way Bicycling“Wear it Right”, Give-a-kid-a-helmet, Helmet fitting clinics, lobbying Diving“DiveSmart/Sudden Impact (Plongez Prudement/Impact Soudain)” Alpine skiing“A little Respect/Observe, Relaxe, Respecte” SleddingIn talks with municipalities; Action Group for Injury Prevention - recommendations. SnowmobilingResearch under way ACTIVITYThinkFirst Initiatives

23 23 5. Who? Age by Decade and Gender of Individuals Sustaining Fatal or Non-Fatal Catastrophic Injuries 1986-1989-1992-1995

24 24 83% 17% 5. Who?

25 25 Gender differences in Injury ATV n/a8.2 : 1 Bicycling No difference 3.6 : 1 Diving 3: 17.75 : 1 Alpine skiing No difference 3.1 : 1 Sledding No difference 2 : 1 Snowmobiling 2 : 16.25 : 1 Fishing 4 : 129 : 1 ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION MALE : FEMALE INJURY RATE MALE : FEMALE

26 26 Best Practices… …in sports injury prevention Prevention is the only cure! Technological innovations, legislative interventions are most proven Context is key – sports are relatively autonomous fields Risk factors point to prevention approaches –What –Where –How often –To whom

27 27 ThinkFirst IP Programs

28 28 Summary Epidemiology answers many important questions –what?, how?, where?, how often?, to whom? –Effective interventions are possible Missing info: Socio-cultural context of sports –What can be done? What should be done? How can/should things be done? Interdisciplinarity is key- IP in sports involves changes in complex social and meaning systems

29 29 thanks!


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