1. Quotation Marks
Chapter 10

2. Seeing What You Know
Insert quotation marks or underlines as needed in the following sentences. One sentence does not need quotation marks. Then read the explanations below.
1. The mechanic said, Your car needs more than a tune-up.
2. To tell you the truth, said my husband, I’m thinking of quitting my job.
3. My sister called to say that she needed heart surgery.
4. According to The Book of Answers, the most widely sung song in the English-speaking world is Happy Birthday to You.

4. Quotation Marks (“ ”)
There are two main uses of quotation marks: 1. To set off the EXACT words of a speaker or writer. 2. To set off the titles of short works.

5. QUOTATION MARKS TO SET OFF THE WORDS OF A SPEAKER OR WRITER
Use quotation marks to show the exact words of a speaker or writer.
NOT NEEDED
Jennifer said that she enjoyed shopping for clothes.
NEEDED
Jennifer said, “I enjoy shopping for clothes.”

6. Direct and Indirect Quotations
Often we communicate someone’s spoken or written thoughts without repeating the exact words used. We quote indirectly by putting the message into our own words. Such indirect quotations do not require quotation marks. The word that often signals an indirect quotation.
The following example shows how the same material could be handled as either a direct or an indirect quotation.

7. Direct Quotation
Keshia said, “If I pass all my exams, I will graduate this June.”
(These are Keshia’s exact words, so they are put in quotation marks.)
Indirect Quotation
Keshia said that if she passes all her exams, she will graduate this June.
(These are not Keshia’s exact words. No quotation marks are used.)

8. Using Punctuation with Quotation Marks (“ ”)
A comma sets off the quoted part from the rest of the sentence.
Periods at the end of the quote go INSIDE the quotation marks.
Commas that come at the end of a quoted section go inside the quotation marks.
EXAMPLE: “If the mall opens at nine,” David said, “we can eat breakfast there.”
EXAMPLE: Ryan explained, “The skis are on sale until tomorrow.”

9. Incorrect:
“If it rains”, said Connie, “the ball game will be canceled”.
Correct:
“If it rains,” said Connie, “the ball game will be canceled.”

10. Capitalization
EXAMPLE: Martha explained, “The flower shop is my favorite store to visit.”
Every quotation begins with a capital letter.
EXAMPLE: “Bands play music every Wednesday night,” Jason said, “especially in the new coffee shop.”
When a quotation is split, the second part does not begin with a capital letter unless it is another complete sentence.

11. Practice 2 ( Page: 115)
Turn each of the following indirect quotations into a direct quotation. You will
have to change some of the words as well as add quotation marks. The first one is
done for you as an example.
2. Coach Hodges told Lori that she had played an outstanding game.
Coach Hodges told Lori, “You played an outstanding game.”
3. Manuel insisted that his new glasses haven’t improved his vision one bit.
Manuel insisted, “My new glasses haven’t improved my vision one bit.”
4. The detective exclaimed that he knew the murderer’s identity.
The detective exclaimed, “I know the murderer’s identity!”
5. I told Dr. Patton that I hadn’t been to a dentist since high school.
I told Dr. Patt on, “I haven’t been to a dentist since high school.”

12. Titles
The second main use of quotation marks is with titles of short works.
With titles of major works we use italics.
If a font with italics is not available, the titles of long works are underlined.
Example: The bookstore sells Teen Fad magazine which has the article “Why Tattoos Attract Men.”

13. Titles
“The Body,” a short story by Stephen King, was later made into the movie Stand By Me.
I remember memorizing Robert Frost’s poem “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” when I was in eighth grade.
“Jimmy’s World,” an article in the Washington Times about a drug-addicted child, won a Pulitzer Prize, but the story was later proved to be a fake.