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David M. Klurfeld ARS National Program Leader, Human Nutrition
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Grapes and Health – 280 publications Raisins and Health – 188 Wine and Health – 1316 – Wine – 9655 – “Red Wine” – 1650 Resveratrol and Health – 335 – Resveratrol – 2708
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Components of grapes/wine that can enhance human health and provide for the nutritional needs of the American public – Compounds may need to be delivered as a package to derive maximal benefit Health and nutrition concerns will be strong drivers for the market of both traditional and innovative products
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Antioxidants Red wine – heart disease – Still controversial – AHA says no specific link Grape/wine reduction of blood clotting – Ethanol has similar effect
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Per cent of aorta Klurfeld & Kritchevsky, Exp Molec Pathol 34:62 (1981) Alcoholic Beverages and Aortic Atherosclerosis
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WR Leifert & MY Abeywardena, Nutr Res, 28:7290737 (2008)
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Chemical characterization of red wine grape (Vitis vinifera and Vitis interspecific hybrids) and pomace phenolic extracts and their biological activity against Streptococcus mutans. – Thimothe J, Bonsi IA, Padilla-Zakour OI, Koo H – J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Dec 12;55(25):10200-7.
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WHNRC – Davis, CA Resveratrol induces apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in vitro Following up with mice injected with ALL cells Resveratrol inhibits toll-like receptor 4-induced inflammation in cultured cells
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HNRCA at Tufts University Comparing juices from: – Concord – both anthocyanins & proanthocyanidins – Niagara – only proanthocyanidins – Thompson – neither polyphenol class 5 tests of psychomotor function
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Flow-Mediated Dilation and Freeze-Dried Grape Powder AA Chaves et al, Vascular Pharmacol, 50:20-26 (2009) Mixed table grapes equivalent to ~1.25 cup Sugar Water Grapes
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Flow-Mediated Dilation and Freeze-Dried Grape Powder AA Chaves et al, Vascular Pharmacol, 50:20-26 (2009) Mixed table grapes equivalent to ~2.5 cups
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Flow-Mediated Dilation and Freeze-Dried Grape Powder AA Chaves et al, Vascular Pharmacol, 50:20-26 (2009) High Fat Meal + Mixed table grapes equivalent to ~1.25 cup HF Meal HF Meal & Grape
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A. Di Castelnuovo et al, Arch Intern Med 166:2437-2445 (2006) Meta-Analysis of 34 Prospective Studies >1,000,000 subjects, 94,000 deaths analyzed
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R di Giuseppe at al, Am J Clin Nutr, 89:354-362 (2009) ~1400 subjects from Italy, Belgium, and England
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Mortality in 2468 Finnish men with 29-yr follow-up Wine No Pref T. Strandberg et al, J Gerontol A 62:213 (2007) Drinking Habit RR for Mortality
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Correlation ≠ Proof
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Quercetin used to be king of the compounds >1600 compounds in grapes – Concentrations in wine differ from juice Equivalents in both animal and human studies ra nge up to pounds/day or 300 bottles of wine “All things are poison and nothing is without poison, only the dose permits something not to be poisonous” – Paracelsus (1493-1541)
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www.dietandcancerreport.org Released Nov 1, 2007 in Washington, DC and several other locations around the world 517 page report along with CD-ROM of 20 systematic literature reviews
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