1. Resource Description Framework (RDF) Lecture # 6 Faculty of Computer Science, IBA

2. RDF Fundamental concept of RDF are – Resource – Properties – Statements Quratulain2 resource value property

3. RDF:resource We can denote that two entities are the same using the rdf:resource attribute. For example <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XLMSchema#" xmlns:uni="http://www.mydomain.org/uni-ns"> Semantic Web Quratulain Assistant Professor Quratulain3

4. Nested Descriptions: Example Semantic Web Sana Associate Professor Although a descriptions defined within another description, its scope is global. Quratulain4

5. Rdf:type Element Semantic Web Sana Associate Professor Quratulain5

6. 6 Abbreviated Syntax Simplification rules: 1.Childless property elements within description elements may be replaced by XML attributes 2.For description elements with a typing element we can use the name specified in the rdf:type element instead of rdf:Description These rules create syntactic variations of the same RDF statement – They are equivalent according to the RDF data model, although they have different XML syntax

7. Quratulain7 Abbreviated Syntax: Example of rule#1 Semantic Web

8. Quratulain8 Abbreviated Syntax: Example of rule#2 Semantic Web

9. Quratulain9 Syntactic variation of same RDF statement Semantic Web

10. Quratulain10 Container Elements Represents a group of resources or literals E.g., we may wish to talk about the courses given by a particular lecturer The content of container elements are named rdf:_1, rdf:_2, etc. or alternatively rdf:li

11. Quratulain11 Three Types of Container Elements rdf:Bag an unordered container, allowing multiple occurrences – E.g. members of the faculty board, documents in a folder rdf:Seq an ordered container, which may contain multiple occurrences – E.g. modules of a course, items on an agenda, an alphabetized list of staff members (order is imposed) rdf:Alt a set of alternatives – E.g. the document home and mirrors, translations of a document in various languages

12. Quratulain12 Example for a Bag <uni:lecturer rdf:ID= "FAC949" uni:name=« Atif" uni:title="Professor">

13. Quratulain13 Example for Alternative <uni:course rdf:ID=“CSE206" uni:courseName=“Data Structures">

14. Quratulain14 Rdf:ID Attribute for Container Elements

15. Question Describe it using container? Referee(X,Y,Z) : X is the referee in a chess game between players Y and Z Quratulain15

16. Quratulain16 RDF Collections A limitation of these containers is that there is no way to close them – “these are all the members of the container” RDF provides support for describing groups containing only the specified members, in the form of RDF collections – list structure in the RDF graph – constructed using a predefined collection vocabulary: rdf:List, rdf:first, rdf:rest and rdf:nil

17. Quratulain17 RDF Collections Shorthand syntax: – "Collection" value for the rdf:parseType attribute:

18. Reification In RDF it is possible to make statement about statement such as Ahmed belief that hassan is the creator of the web page http://www.xyz.comhttp://www.xyz.com How would you do this?try. RDF allow this using reification mechanism. Quratulain18

19. 19 Reification pers05 ISBN... Author-of NYT claims ISBN... Any statement can be an object graphs can be nested - reification Quratulain

20. Reification RDF turns a statement into resource. Quratulain20 ISBN ISBN...