1. Bones, Muscles, Joints and Movement

2. Anatomical Position
Helps us to understand positions and spacial locations of certain parts

3. Bones Can you name all the bones?? 12 1 13 14 2 3 15 4 16 5 6 17 7 18
Skull
Humerus 1
Clavicle 13 14
Sternum
Ulna 2
Radius 3 15
Scapula
Carpals 4 16
Ribs
Metacarpals 5
Phalanges 6 17
Vertebrae 7
Pelvis 18
Femur
Sacrum 8 19
Patella
Tarsals 9 20
Tibia
Metatarsals 10 21
Fibula
Phalanges 11

5. Can you name all the muscles??15 1 16 9 17 2 10 18 3 11 19 12 20 4 13 5 6 21 7 22 8 14 23

6. UPPER BODY - BACK Trapezius: Neck muscle Deltoid: Shoulder muscle15
Deltoid: Shoulder muscle 16
Tricep: Muscle at the back of the arm 17
Latissimus Dorsi: Wing (back) muscles 18
Flexor Carpi: Forearm muscles 19

7. UPPER BODY - FRONT Trapezius Pectorals: Chest muscles Deltoid9
Pectorals: Chest muscles
Deltoid 1
Bicep: Muscles at front top of arm 2
Abdominals: Core (trunk) muscles 11
Obliques: Side muscles 10
Extensor Carpi: Forearm muscles 3

8. LOWER BODY - BACK Gluteus Maximus: Bottom muscles20
Hamstrings: Back of the thigh 21
Gastrocnemius: Calf muscle 22
Soleus: Ankle muscle 23

9. LOWER BODY - FRONT Illiopsoas: Hip muscle Adductor: Inner Thigh muscle12
Adductor: Inner Thigh muscle 13
Sartorius 4 5
Rectus Femoris
Quadracep: Thigh muscle
Vastus Lateralis 6
Vastus Medialis 7
Tibialis Anterior: Shin muscle 8
Soleus 14

10. MUSCLES
Abdominus Rectus

11. Types of Joints Immovable Joints (synarthrotic)
Joints that are fused for strength
Slightly Movable Joints (amphiarthrosis)
Joints which bind bones together to make up the skeleton with limited movement
Freely Movable Joints (diarthrosis)
Joints which allow for movement
Also called Synovial Joints

12. Synovial Joints Synovial Fluid lubricates the joint
Cartilage protects bone ends from friction and acts as a shock absorber
The Capsule surrounds the joint to prevent leakage
Ligaments attach Bone to Bone
Tendons attach Muscle to Bone
Synovial Membrane seals the joint

13. 6 Basic Joints

14. Based on the different planes that a joint can move through
How do we remember?
Based on the different planes that a joint can move through
1. Uniaxial – Joints that move in ONE direction
HINGE JOINT – moves back and forth
e.g Elbow, Knee
PIVOT JOINT – rotates around an axis
e.g Atlas and Axis

15. 2. Biaxial – Joints that move in TWO directions
SADDLE JOINT
– moves back and forth
- moves side to side
e.g Thumb,
ELLIPSOIDAL JOINT
– moves back and forth
- moves side to side
e.g Metacarpophalangeal
Wrist

16. 3. Triaxial – Joints that move in THREE directions
BALL AND SOCKET JOINT
– moves back and forth
- moves side to side
- moves in a circle
e.g Hip, Shoulder
GLIDING JOINT
– slides back and forth
- slides side to side
- slides in a circle
*Very Small Movement*

17. Movement FLEXION – to reduce the angle between the two bones
EXTENSION – to increase the angle between the two bones
HYPEREXTENSION – to increase the angle further than the normal position

18. Movement
ABDUCTION (ab, from)– To move away from the longitudinal axis of the body (normal standing position) ADDUCTION (ad, to)– to move back toward the normal position

19. Movement CIRCUMDUCTION – to draw a large circle
ROTATION – to turn around an
axis. It may be:
Left or Right
Inward or Outward

20. Specific Joint Movement

21. Spinal Column Movements
The vertebral column has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion and Rotation.

22. SHOULDER GIRDLE
The shoulder girdle has the following normal ranges of movement: Elevation, Depression, Adduction and Abduction.

23. SHOULDER JOINT
The shoulder joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction and Medial Rotation.

24. ELBOW JOINT
The elbow joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Pronation and Supination.

25. WRIST JOINT
The wrist joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction and Circumduction.

26. HIP JOINT
The hip joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, Medial Rotation and Lateral Rotation.

27. KNEE JOINT
The knee joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion and Extension

28. ANKLE JOINT
The ankle joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Plantar Flexion, Dorsi Flexion, Inversion and Eversion.

29. Muscle Movements Muscles work in pairs to create movement
Prime muscles contract to exert forces which in turn shift bones to perform movements.
This means prime movers contract (pull) on bones while the opposite muscle relaxes
The prime movers are called Agonsists while the opposite muscles are called Antagonists

30. Movements Take for example
a bicep curl; the bicep is the prime muscle mover (agonist) needed to curl the arm. These muscles shorten. The triceps are the opposite muscles (antagonists) that help stabilise the movement. These muscles lengthen.

31. What muscles cause these movements?
BENCH PRESS

32. Pull Up (Chins)

33. Hip flexion

34. Hip Extension
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

35. Knee Flexion and Extension
HAMSTRINGS
QUADRICEPS

36. Elbow Flexion and Extension
TRICEPS
BICEP