1. 10.3 The Panama Canal

2. Answer the questions using notes from the ppt.
Who originally started building the canal?
Why did they fail? 2 reasons.

3. Panama Canal
The building of the Panama Canal took 34 years from the initial effort in 1880 to actually opening the canal in The building of the canal is considered one of the greatest engineering feats in history.

5. French Failure 1879 - the French buy land in Panama to build a canal
Quickly run out of money and desire
Many men die to tropical disease
French sell the rights to the land to the US in 1901 for $40 million
Columbia tells US they are not allowed to dig the canal

6. 3. Why was it important to build the canal for North Americans?
4. What is an isthmus?

7. The Panama Canal
Both the United States and Europe wanted to build a canal across Central America
This would save time and be less dangerous than going around Cape Horn in Chile
Isthmus of Panama - the area known as Panama is 50 miles mile and was owned by Columbia

8. Panama Canal Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
Called for Britain and US to jointly build and maintain canal.
isthmus
a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas.

9. Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
Secretary of State John Hay
Got Britain to surrender their interests in building Panama Canal IF U.S. let any vessel use canal

10. 5. What country owned the land we know as Panama?

11. Hay-Herran Treaty Columbia controls present day Panama.
Thomas Herran Colombian minister made a treaty with Sec State John Hay.
US would pay $10 million plus $250,000 a year for 99 years.
Colombia rejects offer because they feel they can get a better deal

12. 6. How did Teddy become President. 7
6. How did Teddy become President? 7. What did Teddy force people of Panama to do?

13. Teddy Roosevelt
Now president due to President McKinley's assassination
Is furious he did not get permission for the canal by Columbia.
He is determined to get what he wants.

14. SO

15. Hey TR let’s start a revolt in Panama.
He plots a revolt…
Philippe Bunau-Varilla the French man …tells TR that the people of Panama would like to become independent from Columbia
TR likes the idea and the Panamanian revolt begins
US warships head into Colon, Panama
Panama declares itself independent
America builds the canal!!!!!
Great idea Philippe
Hey TR let’s start a revolt in Panama.

16. TR takes Action
TR really wants a canal and isn’t bothered by the fact that Columbia won’t allow him to build it.
TR supports a revolution by Panama to overthrow Columbia.
US sends ships, men, and support.
Panama is free - One day revolt ends with Panama’s independence

17. Let’s Make a Deal US recognizes Panama as a country on 11/6/1903
US and Panama cut a deal - US leases land for 99 years for $10 million and $250,000 annually (Turned down by Columbia)
US begins construction of a huge ditch through the country of Panama

18. Panama Canal Facts Richard Halliburton
Tolls for the canal are decided by the Panama Canal Authority and are based on vessel type, size, and the type of cargo carried
Length of vessel 50ft US$500 More than 50 ft US$750 More than 80 ft US$1,000
More than 100 ft US$1,500
Richard Halliburton
Best known today for having swum the length of the Panama Canal and paying the lowest toll in its history—thirty-six cent

20. Panama Canal
To sail from Atlantic to Pacific, ships navigated around Cape Horn, the treacherous southern extremity of South America. A New York to San Francisco journey measured some 13,000 miles and took months.

21. 8. How was the Panama Canal made?

22. The Canal
The canal consists of artificial lakes, several improved and artificial channels, and
three sets of locks. An additional artificial lake, Alajuela Lake (known during the American era as Madden Lake),
acts as a reservoir for the canal

23. Panama Canal
9. What tropical diseases were a problem during the construction of the Panama Canal?
10. List three ways you think would help combat these tropical diseases?

24. Issues With Construction
Had to help a rebellion in Columbia
Malaria and Yellow Fever spread by mosquitoes
6000 lives lost

26. 11. How were the problems with bugs solved?

27. American builders faced difficult problems that threatened to derail the project such as tropical diseases like Malaria and Yellow Fever.

28. Panama Canal
Dr. William Gorgas, was hired to eradicate yellow fever , like he had in Havana years before. He was able to accomplish his goal by killing the mosquitoes that carried the diseases. Workers:
Drained swamps, swept drainage ditches, paved roads and installed plumbing.
Sprayed pesticides by the ton.
Entire towns rose from the jungle, complete with housing, schools, churches, commissaries, and social halls.

29. Building the Panama Canal

30. Construction Used France’s unfinished canal to start
Locks built to go over mountains
51 miles long
$375 million + $300 million of French

31. At the Gatun Locks on the Atlantic side, workers poured enough concrete to build a wall 8' wide, 12' high, and 133 miles long. They built culverts the size of railroad tunnels to channel water from Gatun Lake into the locks.

32. Panama Canal
By August 15, 1914 the Panama Canal was officially opened by the passing of the SS Ancon.

38. Panama Canal
Figure 3: A map showing the route of the completed canal. A series of "locks" are used to control the water level within the canal.

39. Panama Canal
The American expenditures from 1904 to 1914 totaled $352,000,000, far more than the cost of anything built by the United States Government up to that time. In today’s money it would cost $7,448,028,707.72
1909 Lock Construction

42. Monroe Doctrine
Stated that European powers were no longer to colonize or interfere with the affairs of the newly independent states of the Americas.
The United States would not interfere with existing colonies or their dependencies in the Western Hemisphere.

43. 13. What is the Roosevelt Corollary?

44. Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt's extension of the Monroe Doctrine asserted the right of the United States to intervene to stabilize the economic affairs of small nations in the Caribbean and Central America if they were unable to pay their international debts.

45. Roosevelt Corollary
Monroe Doctrine (1828) - US closes Latin America to new European colonies
Roosevelt Corollary (1905) - US to serve as police in Latin America and intervene as necessary
Anarchy Protection - TR thought US should get involved any time there is lawlessness in Western Hemisphere to aid the country and protect the US

46. Foreign Policy of Theodore Roosevelt
Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick

47. “I took the canal zone and let Congress debate, and while the debate goes on, the canal construction does also.”
Theodore Roosevelt after being asked about how he feels that Congress does not support his decision to take the Canal Zone.

48. Benefits of the Panama Canal
Shorter Distance - former route was 12,600 miles. Now 4,900 miles
Security - US Navy can get places quicker so it helps with protection of US and imperialism
Information - US controls who travels through the canal
Power - Sends a message of power and action of US to the world

49. TR as the Top Cop of Western Hemisphere
Panama Canal
Takes over Dominican Republic’s finances after a revolution until they became stable
US sends troops to Cuba to halt a revolution (remember that we controlled Cuba with the Platt Amendment)