1. DEVELOPMENT OF A REGIONAL ENERGY MARKET IN THE MEKONG AREA by Piyasvasti Amranand National Energy Policy Office, Thailand ENERGY WEEK 1999 7 April 1999, Washington D.C.

2. THAILAND : THE SINGLE BUYER OF ENERGY FROM THE MEKONG SUBREGIONAL ECONOMIES MOU WITH LAO PDR FOR IMPORTING 3,000 MW OF POWER BY 2006 MOU WITH MYANMAR FOR IMPORTING 1,500 MW OF POWER BY 2010 MOU WITH CHINA FOR IMPORTING 3,000 MW OF POWER BY 2017 POWER EXCHANGE WITH MALAYSIA TO RISE TO 300 MW COOPERATION IN POWER SECTOR WITH CAMBODIA UNDER DISCUSSION

3. Power Purchase from Lao PDR MOU of 4 June 1993: Thailand agreed to purchase 1,500 MW of power from projects in Lao PDR by 2000 Initial 4 projects (total capacity 1,600 MW) have progressed significantly: one PPA signed, two HOA’s signed and one HOA agreed Second MOU of 19 June 1996: Thailand agreed to increase purchase to 3,000 MW by 2006 Lao PDR also agreed to support passage of transmission system from third country, allowing Thailand to purchase power from Yunan in the future

4. Power Purchase from Lao PDR cont. Two PPA’s signed Nam Theun Hinboun (187 MW) Commissioning 31 March 1998 on schedule Houay Ho (126 MW) Commissioning September 1999 Hongsa Lignite (608 MW) PPA negotiations completed December 1997 Currently being scrutinised by Attorney General Baht flotation has caused the project developer to request renegotiation. New COD set for 2006 or 2008

5. Power Purchase from Lao PDR cont Nam Ngum 2 (553 MW) & Nam Ngum 3 (430 MW) MOU agreed September 1997 Thai government approval October 1997 COD scheduled 2006-2008 Xepian & Xenamnoy (365 MW) Negotiation commenced COD scheduled 2006-2008 Commissioning dates for projects with no PPA’s still under negotiation Likely that two dates will be set 1600MW to be purchased December 2006 1700MW to be purchased March 2008 Any power delivered prior to 2006 will receive non firm prices

6. Power Purchase from Lao PDR cont

7. Power Purchase from China MOU signed 12 November 1998 for purchase of 3000MW from China by 2017. ADB estimates that Yunnan Province, P.R. China, has hydropower generating capability of 90,000 MW. Lancang (Mekong) Riiver has total potential of 22,260 MW. Manwan (1,500 MW) is already in operation. 2nd dam under construction. Possible project for power sale - Jing Hong Project Capacity: 1,500 MW, with 1,200 MW for sale to Thailand Investor: MDX/Yunnan Electric Location: 400 km from Thai border

8. Hydro Power Potential in Yunnan Province Source: Subregional Energy Sector Study for the Greater Mekong Subregion,Asian Development Bank, 1995

9. Power Plants Envisaged for Lancang River

10. Power Purchase from Myanmar Myanmar has significant potential for hydro and natural gas Technical potential for hydro possibly up to 100,000 MW Preliminary studies by Myanmar government on 196 projects indicates total capacity of 37,000 MW MOU signed July 1997 for Thailand to purchase up to 1,500 MW by 2010 Potential projects for exporting to Thailand Hydro Nam Kok (MDX, Italian Thai, Marubeni) 55 MW Hutgyi (Marubeni, Italian Thai) 400 MW Tasang (MDX) 3,600 MW Natural Gas (Combined Cycle) Kanbauk (EGCO) 1,500 MW

11. Power Sale to Myanmar Joint Thai/Myanmar committee established to develop and implement a plan to sell 100-150MW of power to Myanmar to alleviate their current power shortage. A transmission line will be constructed between Mae Sot in Tak Province and Bago, Myanmar to link the Thai and Myanmar grids. A feasibility study is currently underway. Expectation that sale can commence in 2001 or 2002.

12. Power Supply by Source (PDP 99-01) Unit:MW

13. Power Supply by Source (PDP 99-01) Unit:GWh