1. Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 2: Conversion and Reactors in Series H. Scott Fogler, Ph.D.

2. Reactor Mole Balance Summary

3. Conversion

6. Batch Reactor Conversion For example, let’s examine a batch reactor with the following design equation:

7. Batch Reactor Conversion For example, let’s examine a batch reactor with the following design equation: Consider the reaction:

8. Batch Reactor Conversion For example, let’s examine a batch reactor with the following design equation: Consider the reaction:

9. Batch Reactor Conversion For example, let’s examine a batch reactor with the following design equation: Consider the reaction: Differential Form: Integral Form:

10. CSTR Conversion Algebraic Form: There is no differential or integral form for a CSTR.

11. PFR Conversion PFR

12. PFR Conversion PFR

13. PFR Conversion PFR Differential Form: Integral Form:

14. Design Equations

17. V

18. V

19. Example

20. 0 0.01

21. Example 0 0 0.01

22. Example 0 X 0.20.4 0.60.8 10 20 30 40 50 0 0.01

23. Reactor Sizing Given -r A as a function of conversion, -r A =f(X), one can size any type of reactor.

24. Reactor Sizing Given -r A as a function of conversion, -r A =f(X), one can size any type of reactor. We do this by constructing a Levenspiel plot.

25. Reactor Sizing Given -r A as a function of conversion, -r A =f(X), one can size any type of reactor. We do this by constructing a Levenspiel plot. Here we plot either as a function of X. 0.20.4 0.60.8 10 20 30 40 50

26. Reactor Sizing Given -r A as a function of conversion, -r A =f(X), one can size any type of reactor. We do this by constructing a Levenspiel plot. Here we plot either as a function of X. For vs. X, the volume of a CSTR is: Equivalent to area of rectangle on a Levenspiel Plot X EXIT 0.20.4 0.60.8 10 20 30 40 50

27. Reactor Sizing Given -r A as a function of conversion, -r A =f(X), one can size any type of reactor. We do this by constructing a Levenspiel plot. Here we plot either as a function of X. For vs. X, the volume of a CSTR is: For vs. X, the volume of a PFR is: Equivalent to area of rectangle on a Levenspiel Plot X EXIT = area under the curve =area 0.20.4 0.60.8 10 20 30 40 50

28. Numerical Evaluation of Integrals The integral to calculate the PFR volume can be evaluated using Simpson’s One-Third Rule:

29. Numerical Evaluation of Integrals The integral to calculate the PFR volume can be evaluated using Simpson’s One-Third Rule (see Appendix A.4 on p. 924):

30. Reactors In Series

33. Reactors in Series Also consider a number of CSTRs in series:

34. Reactors in Series Finally consider a number of CSTRs in series: We see that we approach the PFR reactor volume for a large number of CSTRs in series: X

35. Summary