1. The English Renaissance 1485-1625

3. What is the Renaissance? ► French word: “rebirth” or “renewal” ► Began in Italy ► Return to studying ancient texts…  Greece  Rome

4. What made the Renaissance? ► Interest in humans ► Introduction of universities ► Gutenberg and moveable print ► Use of vernacular ► Age of Exploration ► Reformation

5. How do the ideas of the Reformation arrive in England?

6. Arrival of Reformation in England ► Henry VIII  Originally, Catholic  Wanted divorce …  Refused!  Remarries  King becomes religious leader of England  Break with Rome

7. The Tudors ► Edward VI  Only surviving son of Henry VIII  Becomes king…  Then dies

8. The Tudors ► Mary I (“Bloody Mary”)  Roman Catholic ► What are the implications for her rule?  Restore authority of Roman church  Return England to Catholic country  Oppression of Protestants

9. The Tudors ► Elizabeth I  Educated during Renaissance  Unity under Protestant Religion  Friend of the Arts

10. Let’s Review… ► What connections are there between the three rulers:  Henry VIII  Mary I  Elizabeth I ► What would be the difficulties each ruler faced when ascending the throne? ► What would this mean for the society?

11. What does this have to do with literature?

12. Renaissance in Literature ► New developments in three areas:  Poetry  Prose  Drama

13. Renaissance Poetry ► Lyric poetry:  Not a full story  Single speaker ► Sonnets and sonnet cycles  Sonnets: 14-lined lyric poem  Sonnet cycle: Group of sonnets on single theme

14. Renaissance Poets ► Philip Sydney  Sonnet cycles ( 十四行组诗 )  Key to shaping sonnet form ► Edmund Spenser  Epic poem （叙事诗） The Faerie Queen （《仙 后》）  Spenserian stanzas: nine-line units

15. Renaissance Poets ► Christopher Marlowe  Playwright  Lyric poet  Pastoral verse: looking at the country life ► William Shakespeare  Playwright  English sonnet/Shakespeare sonnet

16. Elizabethan Drama and Prose ► No longer religious ► References to ancient texts ► Drama written in verse ► King James Bible