1. HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE SURVEY (HIES) 2010 – IMPLICATIONS FOR EXTREME POVERTY RESEARCH

2.  The findings of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2010 will provide the key (but not the only) benchmark or reference point for poverty related research until 2016.  A few headlines from the preliminary report (see BBS website)

3. Steeply Declining incidence of poverty between 2005 and 2010  Upper Poverty Line – from 40% to 31.5% national rate  Lower Poverty Line – from 25.1% to 17.6% national rate Lower Poverty line 20052010 Rural28.6%21.1% Urban14.6%7.7%

4. Increasing food intakes  5.5% increase from 2005 nationally  6.21% increase rural  3.5% increase urban  Decline in rice(439.4g to 416.10g)  Increase in wheat (12.08 to 26.09) and potato  Increase in meat, veg – and protein

5. Slight decline in inequality of income distribution  Gini co-eficient decreased slightly (0.458 from 0.467)  But share of income of bottom 50% of the population remained at 20.33%  Bottom decile gets 2% of income

6. Important contribution from remittances  Remittance receiving households have 82% higher income. Only 13.1% of remittance receiving households are below the, upper, poverty line (17% in 2005).

7. Average size of households continues to decline  From 4.84 (2005) to 4.5(2010)  Rural from 4.88 (2005) to 4.53  Urban from 4.72 (2005) to 4.41

8. Access to education increasing  Literacy rate up to 57.9% from 51.9% (2005)  Enrolment rate for girls exceeds boys in rural and urban areas.

9. Access to Safety Nets increasing  24.57% reported receiving benefit within the last 12 months (only 13.3% in 2005)  “The findings further affirm that SSNPs are reasonably well targetted” - Poverty incidence of SSN beneficiaries is 43.4% (compared to 27.5% overall) - But some big regional variations in % of HH receiving benefits Khulna 37.30% of HH – Rajshahi 20.66%

10. Other important findings  Microfinance  Regional distribution  Community characteristics (Mouza level)  Migration  Crisis incidence and coping  Disability Incidence  Poverty by occupation  Poverty by land-holding and others

11. The 2010 HIES report is generally good news  Sharply declining poverty  Improvements across other indicators  Progress towards MDGs  But, depending on population data, over 25 million people still below the lower poverty line.

12.  The HIES represents a “State of Poverty in Bangladesh” report  Shiree is planning to produce a “State of Extreme Poverty in Bangladesh” report.

13. Group Exercise : just a 15 minute brainstorm For a State of Extreme Poverty in Bangladesh Report- start to draft a contents page What are the most critical things that must be included and why? Does the research data already exist to allow these sections to be written – if so where?

14. State of Extreme Poverty Report Draft Contents Page Section One. Extreme Poverty in Bangladesh: Characteristics, Trends and Dynamics 1.1 What do we mean by extreme poverty? 1.2 Poverty thresholds analysis 1.3 Spatial Dimensions of Extreme Poverty Section Two. Extreme Poverty; Findings and Case Studies 2.1 Characteristics of 70,000 Extreme poor Households, shiree baseline analysis (CMS1 analysis) 2.2 Ascents and descents (analysis of CMS5 data) 2.3 Extreme Poverty and Nutrition – the relationship 2.4 “Protecting the gains”: summary analysis of Rd 1 research papers Section Three. Working with programmes 3.1 Targeting the extreme poor 3.2 Lessons from programme interventions