1. Final material

2.  What different pathways have we talked about that are new?  Halogenalkane to nitrile or amine.  Nitrile to amine.  Amine and carboxylic acid to amide  Alcohol and carboxylic acid to ester.  Alkene to poly(alkene)

3.  What are stereoisomers?  These are isomers based on their 3D shape.

4.  What are geometric isomers?  Geometric isomers become stuck in space and have 2 different 3D shapes.  These are caused by rigid structures.  2 common structures are double bonds and cyclic structures.

5.  What different qualities does this give the molecule?  Polarity and symmetry are effected by shape.

6.  What are optical isomers?  These isomers are rotated around a chiral carbon.  A chiral carbon has 4 different groups or atoms attached to it.

7.  What is an enantiomer?  These are 2 non-superimposable forms of a molecule.  Equal mixtures of 2 enantiomers are said to be racemic.

8.  What properties do optical isomers have?  They show optical activity and reactivity with other chiral molecules.  Optical activity is the ability of the different isomers to rotate light in specific directions.  Racemic mixtures cancel each other out.

9.  What is resolution?  When a racemic mixture is combined with another enantiomer, they form different products that can be separated easily.  The difference in chirality can change the reactivity/activity of the molecule.  Something helpful becomes dangerous or ineffective by rotating the chiral carbon.