1. Arturo Salinas November 28,2012 English 1302 Felicia C. Dziadek

2.  A substance used to enhance the physical and physiological abilities of an individual  Purposes Stimulates testosterone levels Enhances muscle recovery Reduce fatigue factor Stimulation of brain activity Increase in cardiovascular

3.  1904 in Ancient Greece, U.S.’s Thomas Hicks is given strychnine and brandy prior to race  1960 Rome Olympics, Danish cyclists dies from amphetamine overdose  World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) puts restrictions on substances allowed for use of athletes  International Olympic Committee create a medical commission to compile list of drugs illegal for use with exception for therapeutic use

4.  IOC-MC begin drug testing baseball players in 2003  The mark of Jose Conseco is made in 2005  Following him are Mark McGwire Sammy Sosa Barry Bonds Roger Clemens

5.  NFL begins to test players in 1987 once a year.  Retired players like Jim Haslett admit majority of players on the team engaged in using foreign substances to heighten senses and level of play on the field

6.  With the growing of performance- enhancers in sports, players feel the need to keep up with the level of competition  Using shady back alley transactions  Drugs push into colleges and high schools

7.  “Spirit of Sport”-The ability to perform at a certain degree of naturalness  Kids follow their role models, after all if they did why can’t we?  Humans push natural talents at a cost

8.  Taking higher doses than recommended  Severe acne  Liver abnormalities and tumors  Cardiac problems  Aggressive behaviors  Drug dependence  Infections and diseases  Inhibited growth of development in teens  Men suffer from: Baldness Infertility Shrinking of testicles Development of breast Enlargement of prostate gland http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmu_ h8HCiGo

9.  Berg, A. (2001). Artificial oxygen carriers--the new doping threat in endurance sport. International Journal of Sports Medicine, doi: 10.1055/s-2001-1856  "Blood Doping." Explained in Sport. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2012. Retrieved from:.  Fitch, K. (2012). Proscribed drugs at the Olympic Games: permitted use and misuse (doping)by athletes.. 12(3257-260), Retrieved from http://rattler.tamucc.edu  Gradidge, P., Coopoo, Y., & Constantinou, D. (2011). Prevalence of performance enhancing substance use by Johannesburg male adolescents involved incompetitive high schoolsports.Archives Of Exercise In Health & Disease,2(2), 114-119.  Hyler, J. "ESPN." Jones Case Ends a Long, Hot Doping Scandal Summer -. N.p., 18Sept.2006.Web. 25 Sept.2012..  Pierre Rouzier, M. D. (2012). Anabolic Steroids. CRS - Adult Health Advisor, 1.  Smith, C. (2012). Why It's Time To Legalize Steroids In Professional Sports. Forbes.Com, Retrieved from http://rattler.tamucc.edu  Tomida, K. (2012). Chronological changes of affected side muscle strength of hemiplegic stroke patients after administration of anabolic steroids. 27(1), 1. Retrieved from http://rattler.tamucc.edu  Wiesing, U. (2011). Should performance-enhancing drugs in sport be legalized under medical supervision? Sports Medicine, 41(2), 167-176. Retrieved from http://rattler.tamucc.edu