1. Sleep By: Drake Bashaw & Lindsay Anders

2. Why Do We Sleep?  Energy Conservation Theory- primary function of sleep is to reduce an individuals need for energy.  Restorative Theory- restores what is lost in our body while we are awake, also repairs body and rejuvenates itself, repairs cells.  Brain Plasticity Theory- brain develops while asleep, and is corresponding to brain organization and structure. You save or delete what you learned that day whether or not its important.

3. Stage 1 of Sleep  Light sleep  Between being awake and falling asleep

4. Stage 2 of Sleep  Relinquishing of all surroundings  Breathing and Heart rate are regular  Body Temperature drops

5. Stages 3 & 4 of Sleep  Deepest and most restorative sleep  Muscles are relaxed  Energy is restored  Hormones are released for growth and development  Breathing and Blood Pressure drops

6. Stages of Sleep  Rapid Eye Movement (REM)  Occurs in the first 90 minutes and every 90 recurring minutes  Provides energy to brain and body  Supports daytime activity  Brain is active and dreams take place  Body is immobile and muscles are “turned off”  The way your eyes are pointing while you sleep correlates with a certain memory

7. How light affects sleep  Sunlight picked up by the eye sends signals to the brain that keep us in a 24 hour schedule.  Exposure to light causes our biological clock to advance or to delay. The light will make it harder to fall asleep, or wake you up whether it’s artificial or natural lighting.

8. How temperature affects sleep  Temperatures above 75 degree Fahrenheit and below 54 degrees Fahrenheit are disruptive to sleep, optimal temperature is 65-70 degrees.  Colder body temperature allows for a deeper sleep, warmer body temperature results in a disruption in sleep.  Before you fall asleep warmer body temperature allows for a decrease in insomnia.

9. Sleeping Disorders  Insomnia- the inability to fall and stay asleep.  Restless Legs Syndrome- A strong urge to move the legs, almost irresistible.  Sleep Apnea- causes you to stop breathing while sleeping, causes stroke and heart disease.  Parasomnias- unwanted events while sleeping, such as sleep walking, night terrors, sleep paralysis, and more.

10. Sleeping Disorders  Narcolepsy- neurological disorder causing daytime sleepiness and times of great fatigue.  Shift Work- is a disorder that makes it very difficult to fall asleep because of a shift in sleep patterns.  Snoring- the obstruction of airflow that causes vibrations to occur on the tissue in the back of the throat.

11. Why do we dream?  While we dream we conjure images to evoke emotions more efficiently.  Dreams sort through important times in our lives and show them to us again, and we forget the unimportant memories.  Dreaming is a type of psychotherapy, we dream to keep emotions from bundling up inside of us.

12. Bibliography  http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/matters/benefits-of-sleep/why- do-we-sleep By a division of sleep medicine at Harvard Medical school. December 18, 2007. http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/matters/benefits-of-sleep/why- do-we-sleep  http://sleepfoundation.org/bedroom/see.php By Stephan Zucker 1972. National Academy of Sciences. http://sleepfoundation.org/bedroom/see.php  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-christopher-winter/best-temperature-for- sleep_b_3705049.html By Dr. Christopher Winter 08/09/13 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-christopher-winter/best-temperature-for- sleep_b_3705049.html  http://sleep.stanford.edu/sleep-disorders/ By Stanford Hospital http://sleep.stanford.edu/sleep-disorders/  http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/excessive-sleepiness-10/sleep-101 Kimball Johnson 6/16/12 http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/excessive-sleepiness-10/sleep-101  http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-literary-mind/200911/what-do- dreams-do-us By Llana Simons 11/11/09 http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-literary-mind/200911/what-do- dreams-do-us  http://www.sleepeducation.com/sleep-disorders By American Academy of Sleep Medicine http://www.sleepeducation.com/sleep-disorders  http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-do-we-dream/ By Ernest Hartmann 7/10/06 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-do-we-dream/  http://worldsleepday.org/environmental-sleep-factors/ 03/14/14 http://worldsleepday.org/environmental-sleep-factors/