1. Agenda – Wednesday, April 2 nd  M&E Reading Quiz  Lie Detector Test  Theories of Emotion  Notes  Examples  Homework: Exam #4  FRIDAY

2. Can we detect a liar?  3 Volunteers will try to lie to the class.  They can either take or not take a dollar from an envelope & must successfully lie to us to keep the dollar & gain a candy bar (Woohoo! Extrinsic Motivators!)  They will enter the class at the same time & must answer any (reasonable) question that we ask of them to help us discern if they are lying or not.

3. Facial Expression of Emotion  Paul Ekman (yellow sheet) had people from different cultures identify various facial expressions & found they all responded similarly.  Ekman had the Fore Tribe in New Guinea match up photographs of facial expressions to events in stories. Same results as first study.  Some Facial Expressions are universal indicators of emotion.

5. James-Lange Theory  Physiological experience comes first, followed by emotion  Examples:  We feel sad because we cry  We feel happy because we smile

6. Cannon-Bard Theory  Emotions and physiological experiences happen at the same time as one another

7. Two-Factor Theory  Emotions come AFTER the combination of physical arousal and cognitive awareness

8. Agenda – Thursday, April 3 rd  Finish theories of emotions examples  Facial Expressions  Article  Importance  Practice FRQ  Homework:  Exam #4  FRIDAY

9. Facial Expressions  Forcing certain facial expressions can lead to sincere emotions  What theory is this?

14. Facial Expressions  If someone smiles because everyone around them smiles, and then they feel happy…what theory is this?

15. Facial Expressions  If someone scowls and tells themselves the situation they are in is stupid and beneath them, what theory is this?

16. Facial Expressions  If someone smiles and feels overwhelmingly happy at the same time, what theory is this?

17. Facial Expressions  If someone grins from ear to ear but tells themselves they are unhappy, what theory is this?

18. Emotions & the Body The Brain Limbic System (Amygdala) Recognizes facial expressions and the appropriate emotion associated with that expression. Right Hemisphere Responsible for the Identification of Emotions The Autonomic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System (Slows Down body) Sympathetic Nervous System (Speeds up body) *Emotions alter the functioning of the ANS. *Polygraph Tests only measure changes in the ANS (Not valid!)

19. 19 Stimulus snake Emotion fear Physiological arousal trembling increased heart rate James-Lange Theory of Emotion  Physiological Arousal and THEN Emotion Ex. We feel sad because we cry. Ex. We feel happy because we smile.  Problems: 1) Some Emotions have same physiological response. (Ex. Fear, Anger, & Sexual Arousal all Similar) 2) People can experience arousal w/o experiencing emotion. (Running) 3) Physiological responses happen to slow to cause emotion. 4) What about people with spinal cord injuries?

20.  Emotions are the combination of physical arousal & a cognitive label.  When you are aroused, you look to your environment for an explanation of the arousal. (If aroused while in a mob of protestors, you might label your arousal “Anger”) (If aroused at a concert, you might label your arousal “Excitement)

21. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion Stimulus snake Physiological arousal trembling increased heart rate Emotion fear  The experience of emotion happens at the SAME TIME that physiological arousal happens.  One does NOT CAUSE the other.

22. Two-Factor (Schachter-Singer) Theory of Emotion Stimulus Cognitive interpretation “I feel afraid!” Physiological arousal trembling increased heart rate Emotion fear  Emotions are the combination of physical arousal & a cognitive label.  When you are aroused, you look to your environment for an explanation of the arousal. (If aroused while in a mob of protestors, you might label your arousal “Anger”) (If aroused at a concert, you might label your arousal “Excitement)

23. TED Talks  Ron Gutman: The hidden power of Smiling (7 Minutes) Ron Gutman: The hidden power of Smiling (7 Minutes)  Barry Schwartz: Paradox of Choice (19 Minutes) Barry Schwartz: Paradox of Choice (19 Minutes)