1. What Is Hearing Loss? MBHS ASL II Spring Final 2010 Ms. Maclin http://hearingaidhelp.com/conductivehearingloss.html http://www.hearnet.com/at_risk/risk_at_risk.shtml http://deafness.about.com/od/ototoxicity/a/ototoxic.htm http://www.betterhealthchannel.com.au/BHCV2/bhcarticles.nsf/page s/Deafness_-_a_range_of_causes?OpenDocument http://youth.hear-it.org/index.dsp MBHS ASL II Spring Final 2010 Ms. Maclin http://hearingaidhelp.com/conductivehearingloss.html http://www.hearnet.com/at_risk/risk_at_risk.shtml http://deafness.about.com/od/ototoxicity/a/ototoxic.htm http://www.betterhealthchannel.com.au/BHCV2/bhcarticles.nsf/page s/Deafness_-_a_range_of_causes?OpenDocument http://youth.hear-it.org/index.dsp

2. How does one get a hearing loss? Babies can become deaf before conception because of:  (Causes before birth/pre-natal causes)  Many children are born deaf because of a genetic reason. Deafness can be passed down in families even though there appears to be no family history of deafness. Sometimes the gene involved may cause additional disabilities or health problems. Babies can become deaf before conception because of:  (Causes before birth/pre-natal causes)  Many children are born deaf because of a genetic reason. Deafness can be passed down in families even though there appears to be no family history of deafness. Sometimes the gene involved may cause additional disabilities or health problems.

3. Continued…  Deafness can also be caused by complications during pregnancy. Illnesses such as rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), toxoplasmosis and herpes can cause a child to be born deaf. There is also a range of medicines, known as *ototoxic* drugs, which can damage the hearing system of a baby before birth.  *(like: some antibiotics,chemotherapy drugs and some anti-inflammatory drugs)*  Deafness can also be caused by complications during pregnancy. Illnesses such as rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), toxoplasmosis and herpes can cause a child to be born deaf. There is also a range of medicines, known as *ototoxic* drugs, which can damage the hearing system of a baby before birth.  *(like: some antibiotics,chemotherapy drugs and some anti-inflammatory drugs)*

4. Causes during infancy(after they are born)  Causes in infancy (post-natal causes)  As with pre-natal causes there are a number of reasons why a child may become deaf after they are born. Being born prematurely can increase the risk of being deaf or becoming deaf. Premature babies are often more prone to infections that can cause deafness. They may also be born with severe jaundice or experience a lack of oxygen at some point. Both of these can cause deafness.  Causes in infancy (post-natal causes)  As with pre-natal causes there are a number of reasons why a child may become deaf after they are born. Being born prematurely can increase the risk of being deaf or becoming deaf. Premature babies are often more prone to infections that can cause deafness. They may also be born with severe jaundice or experience a lack of oxygen at some point. Both of these can cause deafness.

5. Continued after birth deafness…  In early childhood there is a range of things that can be responsible for a child becoming deaf. Infections like meningitis, measles and mumps can cause deafness. Ototoxic drugs, used to treat other types of infections in babies, can also be a cause.  Occasionally deafness is caused by an injury to the head or exposure to loud noise. These can cause damage to the hearing system.  In early childhood there is a range of things that can be responsible for a child becoming deaf. Infections like meningitis, measles and mumps can cause deafness. Ototoxic drugs, used to treat other types of infections in babies, can also be a cause.  Occasionally deafness is caused by an injury to the head or exposure to loud noise. These can cause damage to the hearing system.

6. Other causes of deafness  # Hereditary disorders - some types of deafness are hereditary, which means parents pass on flawed genes to their children. In most cases, hereditary deafness is caused by malformations of the inner ear.  # Genetic disorders - genetic mutations may happen: for example, at the moment of conception when the father’s sperm joins with the mother’s egg. Some of the many genetic disorders that can cause deafness include osteogenesis imperfecta, Trisomy 13 S and multiple lentigines syndrome.  # Prenatal exposure to disease - a baby will be born deaf or with hearing problems if they are exposed to certain diseases in utero, including rubella (German measles), influenza and mumps. Other factors that are thought to cause congenital deafness include exposure to methyl mercury and drugs such as quinine.  # Hereditary disorders - some types of deafness are hereditary, which means parents pass on flawed genes to their children. In most cases, hereditary deafness is caused by malformations of the inner ear.  # Genetic disorders - genetic mutations may happen: for example, at the moment of conception when the father’s sperm joins with the mother’s egg. Some of the many genetic disorders that can cause deafness include osteogenesis imperfecta, Trisomy 13 S and multiple lentigines syndrome.  # Prenatal exposure to disease - a baby will be born deaf or with hearing problems if they are exposed to certain diseases in utero, including rubella (German measles), influenza and mumps. Other factors that are thought to cause congenital deafness include exposure to methyl mercury and drugs such as quinine.

7. More…  # Noise - loud noises (such as gun shots, firecrackers, explosions and rock concerts) can damage the delicate mechanisms inside the ear. If you are standing next to someone, yet have to shout to be heard, you can be sure that the noise is loud enough to be damaging your ears.  # Trauma - such as perforation of the eardrum, fractured skull or changes in air pressure (barotrauma). # Disease - certain diseases can cause deafness including meningitis, mumps, cytomegalovirus and chicken pox. A severe case of jaundice is also known to cause deafness.  # Other causes - other causes of deafness include Meniere’s disease and exposure to certain chemicals.  Aspirin  # Noise - loud noises (such as gun shots, firecrackers, explosions and rock concerts) can damage the delicate mechanisms inside the ear. If you are standing next to someone, yet have to shout to be heard, you can be sure that the noise is loud enough to be damaging your ears.  # Trauma - such as perforation of the eardrum, fractured skull or changes in air pressure (barotrauma). # Disease - certain diseases can cause deafness including meningitis, mumps, cytomegalovirus and chicken pox. A severe case of jaundice is also known to cause deafness.  # Other causes - other causes of deafness include Meniere’s disease and exposure to certain chemicals.  Aspirin

8. LAST  Age-related hearing loss  Our hearing gradually becomes less acute as we age. This is normal, and rarely leads to deafness. Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) typically begins with the loss of higher frequencies, so that certain speech sounds - such as ‘s’, ‘f’ and ‘t’ - end up sounding very similar. This means the older person can hear, but not always understand. For example, the words ‘see’ and ‘tea’ might sound the same.  Tinnitus is often associated with deafness  Tinnitus means a sensation of ringing in the ears. Some of the causes of tinnitus include middle ear infections and damage to the ear from loud noises. Tinnitus may occur on its own, or in conjunction with hearing loss.  Age-related hearing loss  Our hearing gradually becomes less acute as we age. This is normal, and rarely leads to deafness. Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) typically begins with the loss of higher frequencies, so that certain speech sounds - such as ‘s’, ‘f’ and ‘t’ - end up sounding very similar. This means the older person can hear, but not always understand. For example, the words ‘see’ and ‘tea’ might sound the same.  Tinnitus is often associated with deafness  Tinnitus means a sensation of ringing in the ears. Some of the causes of tinnitus include middle ear infections and damage to the ear from loud noises. Tinnitus may occur on its own, or in conjunction with hearing loss.

9. Let me explain…  When you notice a difference between loud sounds and quiet ones, your ears are perceiving changes in sound pressure level. Intensity (or volume) is measured in decibels (dB). Zero (0) dB is the softest sound that can be heard. Normal conversation is around 40dB to 60dB, a whisper around 30dB. A rock concert can average between 110 and 120 dB. Pain from hearing is subjective. Levels below 125 dB may be painful to some individuals. The sound from a jet plane is approximately 140 dB.  At rock shows, the dB level can be as great as 140 dB in front of the speakers, but less than 120 dB at the back which is still very loud and dangerous.  When you notice a difference between loud sounds and quiet ones, your ears are perceiving changes in sound pressure level. Intensity (or volume) is measured in decibels (dB). Zero (0) dB is the softest sound that can be heard. Normal conversation is around 40dB to 60dB, a whisper around 30dB. A rock concert can average between 110 and 120 dB. Pain from hearing is subjective. Levels below 125 dB may be painful to some individuals. The sound from a jet plane is approximately 140 dB.  At rock shows, the dB level can be as great as 140 dB in front of the speakers, but less than 120 dB at the back which is still very loud and dangerous.

10. So….  These are the ranges for sound you hear daily.  (this will be on the test)  These are the ranges for sound you hear daily.  (this will be on the test)

11. Loud noises can hurt your ears! Take care or you will really need to use ASL!  http://www.nowihear.com/html/why- see-audiologist.html http://www.nowihear.com/html/why- see-audiologist.html  Look at the site below to see how long you can stay in a loud environment and where damage occurs!  http://www.nowihear.com/html/why- see-audiologist.html http://www.nowihear.com/html/why- see-audiologist.html  Look at the site below to see how long you can stay in a loud environment and where damage occurs!

12.  (this is for your knowledge and is not required to take notes...just pay attention!)  How do I know if I need hearing protection?  If you have to raise your voice to be heard by someone less than three feet away you should be wearing a protective device.   If I wear hearing protection devices while I'm playing, won't it be hard to hear myself or the other instruments?  No, actually with distracting noise removed or minimized you will hear more clearly.  If a hearing device cuts down on the noise from my instrument or voice, how will I know what I sound like?  Your ears adjust very quickly to the protectors.  Don't people in places with loud music or sounds just get used to the volume?  No. Hearing loss and tinnitus (ringing in the ears) are insidious. Problems can occur gradually. Lots of people never know they have a problem until it's too late.  After years of not wearing hearing protectors why start wearing them now?  Protective devices can prevent further damage. Hearing problems because of exposure to excessive noise do not have to happen.  (this is for your knowledge and is not required to take notes...just pay attention!)  How do I know if I need hearing protection?  If you have to raise your voice to be heard by someone less than three feet away you should be wearing a protective device.   If I wear hearing protection devices while I'm playing, won't it be hard to hear myself or the other instruments?  No, actually with distracting noise removed or minimized you will hear more clearly.  If a hearing device cuts down on the noise from my instrument or voice, how will I know what I sound like?  Your ears adjust very quickly to the protectors.  Don't people in places with loud music or sounds just get used to the volume?  No. Hearing loss and tinnitus (ringing in the ears) are insidious. Problems can occur gradually. Lots of people never know they have a problem until it's too late.  After years of not wearing hearing protectors why start wearing them now?  Protective devices can prevent further damage. Hearing problems because of exposure to excessive noise do not have to happen.

13. Let’s watch this video  http://news.com.com/1606-2_3- 6145142.html?part=rss&tag=2547-1_3- 05&subj=news\ http://news.com.com/1606-2_3- 6145142.html?part=rss&tag=2547-1_3- 05&subj=news\  This talks about ipods and your hearing.  http://news.com.com/1606-2_3- 6145142.html?part=rss&tag=2547-1_3- 05&subj=news\ http://news.com.com/1606-2_3- 6145142.html?part=rss&tag=2547-1_3- 05&subj=news\  This talks about ipods and your hearing.

14. I hope you see how you need to start protecting your ears. It is important to prevent damage to your ears. Deafness is the number one ‘disability’ in America and is also the number one most PREVENTABLE ‘disability’ You know not to call it a disability, but this is from a websites’ perspective.

15. Decibel (Loudness) Comparison Chart  Environmental Noise  weakest sound heard 0 dB  normal conversation at 3-5 ft 60-70 dB  dial tone of telephone 80 dB  city traffic inside car 85 dB  1983 OSHA monitoring requirements begin 90 dB  train whistle at 500 ft. 90 dB  subway train at 200 ft. 95 dB  regular sustained exposure may cause permanent damage 90-95 dB  power mower 107 dB  power saw 110 dB Decibel (Loudness) Comparison Chart  Environmental Noise  weakest sound heard 0 dB  normal conversation at 3-5 ft 60-70 dB  dial tone of telephone 80 dB  city traffic inside car 85 dB  1983 OSHA monitoring requirements begin 90 dB  train whistle at 500 ft. 90 dB  subway train at 200 ft. 95 dB  regular sustained exposure may cause permanent damage 90-95 dB  power mower 107 dB  power saw 110 dB

16.  Pain begins 125 dB  pneumatic riveter at 4 ft. 125 dB  jet engine at 100 ft. 140 dB  loudest sound that can occur 194 dB  The incidence of hearing loss in classical musicians has been estimated at 4-43%, in rock musicians 13-30%.  Pain begins 125 dB  pneumatic riveter at 4 ft. 125 dB  jet engine at 100 ft. 140 dB  loudest sound that can occur 194 dB  The incidence of hearing loss in classical musicians has been estimated at 4-43%, in rock musicians 13-30%.

17. Musical Noise  normal piano practice 60-70 dB  fortissimo singer 3 ft. away 70 dB  chamber music in small auditorium 75-85 dB  regular sustained exposure may cause permanent damage 90-95 dB  piano fortissimo 92-95 dB  violin 84-103 dB  cello 82-92 dB  normal piano practice 60-70 dB  fortissimo singer 3 ft. away 70 dB  chamber music in small auditorium 75-85 dB  regular sustained exposure may cause permanent damage 90-95 dB  piano fortissimo 92-95 dB  violin 84-103 dB  cello 82-92 dB

18. Musical noise cont…  oboe 90-94 dB  flute 85-111 dB  piccolo 95-112 dB  clarinet 92-103 dB  french horn 90-106 dB  trombone 85-114 dB  timpani & bass drum rolls 106 dB  average Walkman on 5/10 setting 94 dB  symphonic music peak 120-137 dB  amplified rock music at 4-6 ft. 120 dB  rock music peak 150 dB  oboe 90-94 dB  flute 85-111 dB  piccolo 95-112 dB  clarinet 92-103 dB  french horn 90-106 dB  trombone 85-114 dB  timpani & bass drum rolls 106 dB  average Walkman on 5/10 setting 94 dB  symphonic music peak 120-137 dB  amplified rock music at 4-6 ft. 120 dB  rock music peak 150 dB

19. So, how does this apply to you now??? So if you go to a concert are you at risk? YES. But there are things you can do to help prevent it.  * Monitor your IPOD use by how long and how loud you listen to it  * Sound levels in dance clubs can be as high as 115 decibels, which  can cause damage in seconds.  * Stay at least 10 feet away from the speakers--dancing directly in front  of speakers is very risky.  * Request that sound levels be turned down if too loud.  * Use ear plugs --rolled up tissue paper provides NO protection. So if you go to a concert are you at risk? YES. But there are things you can do to help prevent it.  * Monitor your IPOD use by how long and how loud you listen to it  * Sound levels in dance clubs can be as high as 115 decibels, which  can cause damage in seconds.  * Stay at least 10 feet away from the speakers--dancing directly in front  of speakers is very risky.  * Request that sound levels be turned down if too loud.  * Use ear plugs --rolled up tissue paper provides NO protection.

20. Cont…  * Don’t talk on a loud dance floor--you can damage someone's hearing by  shouting in their ear.  * Take a 10 to 30 minute break in an area where it’s quieter.  * Alcohol and drugs lower your sensitivity to pain and increase the risk  of hearing damage. Being tired, dehydrated and overheated also increases  risk--drink plenty of water and chill out! Remember, alcohol dries you out.  * If you dance a lot or work in a club, consider custom  earplugs. They protect hearing without distorting sound (see www.hearnet.com)  * Don’t talk on a loud dance floor--you can damage someone's hearing by  shouting in their ear.  * Take a 10 to 30 minute break in an area where it’s quieter.  * Alcohol and drugs lower your sensitivity to pain and increase the risk  of hearing damage. Being tired, dehydrated and overheated also increases  risk--drink plenty of water and chill out! Remember, alcohol dries you out.  * If you dance a lot or work in a club, consider custom  earplugs. They protect hearing without distorting sound (see www.hearnet.com)

21. WHAT IS HEARING DAMAGE?  * Exposure to loud sound such as amplified music can cause hearing damage.  * Hearing damage can take the form of temporary or permanent ringing in your ears (tinnitus) as well as short- and long-term loss of your ability to hear clearly (noise induced hearing loss- NIHL).  * A study in Great Britain found that 62% of regular clubbers have hearing loss. So be careful in college if you choose to go out!  * Exposure to loud sound such as amplified music can cause hearing damage.  * Hearing damage can take the form of temporary or permanent ringing in your ears (tinnitus) as well as short- and long-term loss of your ability to hear clearly (noise induced hearing loss- NIHL).  * A study in Great Britain found that 62% of regular clubbers have hearing loss. So be careful in college if you choose to go out!

22. Hearing damage cont…  * The risk of damaging your hearing depends on (1) how loud the music is;  (2) how close you are to the speakers; (3) how long you're on the dance  floor; (4) how long and how loud you listen to your IPODS. (5) previous hearing damage;  (6) your condition at the time (alcohol & dehydration make things worse.  (7) You also may be at risk if you have a family history of hearing loss.  SO BE CAREFUL!!!!  * The risk of damaging your hearing depends on (1) how loud the music is;  (2) how close you are to the speakers; (3) how long you're on the dance  floor; (4) how long and how loud you listen to your IPODS. (5) previous hearing damage;  (6) your condition at the time (alcohol & dehydration make things worse.  (7) You also may be at risk if you have a family history of hearing loss.  SO BE CAREFUL!!!!

23. Now, we will go to the power point called Audiology. We will learn the anatomy of the ear, how hearing works with the brain, the levels of hearing loss, the 3 types of hearing loss and more definitions you will see on the final and quiz!