1. Chapter 10 Section 1 Temperature

2. What is Temperature? A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object –The faster the particles move, the more kinetic energy –The more kinetic energy, the higher the temperature

3. Tool: thermometer works by thermal expansion Thermal expansion- the increase in volume of a substance due to an increase in temperature Substance gets hotter particles move faster particles spread out therefore substance expands Measuring temperature

4. Temperature Scales Official SI scale- Kelvin scale –Lowest temperature is absolute zero –Never been achieved –Absolute zero is the point when all particle movement stops –Unit is kelvin Fahrenheit –Not widely used in science –Units °F Celsius –Divided in 100 equal parts –Units~°C

5. Temperature conversion To Convert:Use this equation: Celsius to Fahrenheit °C °F °F = (9/5 x °C) +32 Fahrenheit to Celsius °F °C °C = 5/9 x(°F - 32) Celsius to Kelvin °C K K = °C + 273 Kelvin to Celsius K °C °C = K - 273

6. What is Heat? Chapter 10 Section 2

7. Heat is a Transfer of Energy Heat ~ the transfer of energy between objects that are a different temperature Energy is transferred from the object with the higher temperature to the object with the lower temperature Thermal energy ~ the total kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance depends on amount and temperature of the substance Thermal equilibrium~ when both objects reach the same temperature

8. Conduction, Convection, Radiation Conduction ~ the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another through direct contact –Conductors transfer thermal energy well Many metals –Insulators do not transfer thermal energy well wood

9. Conduction, Convection, Radiation Convection ~ transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a liquid or gas Convection current~ circular motion of liquids and gases due to density differences

10. Conduction, Convection, Radiation Radiation ~ the transfer of energy through matter or space as electromagnetic waves –Visible light, infrared waves

11. The Differences Between Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat TemperatureThermal EnergyHeat A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance The total kinetic energy of the particles in a substance The transfer of energy between objects that are at different temperatures Expressed in degrees Fahrenheit, degrees Celsius, or kelvins Expressed in joulesAmount of energy transferred expressed in joules or calories Does not vary with the mass of a substance Varies with the mass and temperature of a substance Varies with the mass, specific heat capacity, and temperature change of a substance

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