1. (BI) Needs and Experience with Cameras in Radioactive Environment Stephane Burger BE BI-PM BI review on Radiation development and testing 22 nd of November 2013

2. Projects involving camera in BI Instrument locations Camera types BI infrastructure for video Coping with radiation Dosimetry Remarks on optics What next… Content BI review on Radiation development and testing 22 nd of November 2013 (BI) Needs and Experience with Cameras in Radioactive Environment S.Burger

3. BI projects involving camera BI mandate is to provide to OP parameters of the beam: -Position -Size -Profile -Length -(intensity), etc… Camera is one of the obvious detector used to determine these parameters. Beam related systems: →Beam Gaz Ionization (also known as IPM)x6 → Beam Synchrotron Radiation Telescopex6 → Beam TV ~200 Non beam related system (supervision): →ISOLDE target areax5 →AD target areax2 BI review on Radiation development and testing 22 nd of November 2013 (BI) Needs and Experience with Cameras in Radioactive Environment S.Burger

4. Instrument Locations LocationRadiation levelObservation system Injection region High (or potentially high) Rad Ejection region Spectrometer lines Target / Dump area Transfer linesLowAny BI review on Radiation development and testing 22 nd of November 2013 (BI) Needs and Experience with Cameras in Radioactive Environment S.Burger

5. Camera types (1) Analogue CCD From 0.001 and 0.1 lux minimum sensitivity Between 50 and 56 dB S/N Max total dose is 0.01MRads SANYO VCB-3385P → now out of the market WATEC 902-H3 Ultimate (Mainly used in transfer lines or if needed and feasible with shielding) Digital Performances are much higher (image rate, resolution, etc…) More digital electronics → More sensitive than CCD at least to SEU Commonly used for instrumentation in electron machines (synchrotron) but radiation is less a issue Very little experience SANYO WATEC ~300CHF ~450CHF BI review on Radiation development and testing 22 nd of November 2013 (BI) Needs and Experience with Cameras in Radioactive Environment S.Burger

6. Camera types (2) ThermoScientific CID8712M CID technology Sensitivity ~15 to 20x lower than analogue CCD 47dB S/N Max total dose is 1MRads Remote head + Control Unit; max length 50 meters SIRA APS250 CMOS technology Sensitivity 0.2 lux Max total dose between 5MRads Remote head + Control Unit, max length 40 meters Not available anymore ! ~10KCHF B/W ~9KCHF Color ~15KCHF ~4KCHF CID8726DX CID technology Sensitivity 1lux ~10 time lower than analogue CCD 45dB S/N Max total dose is 3MRads Remote head + Control Unit, max length 150 meters BI review on Radiation development and testing 22 nd of November 2013 (BI) Needs and Experience with Cameras in Radioactive Environment S.Burger

7. Camera types (3) DIAKONT STAR Sensitivity 24 lux 47dB S/N, 5Kg Max total dose is 10MRads AHLBERG N129ZMR color Max total dose 1MRads 13.5Kg Remote control for zoom, focus and iris Compatible with the H250DC Pan & Tilt unit BI review on Radiation development and testing 22 nd of November 2013 (BI) Needs and Experience with Cameras in Radioactive Environment S.Burger ~35KCHF With pan and tilt unit N71ZCMR color Max total dose 0.13MRads Sensitivity 10 lux D40 Tube based Sensitivity 16 lux 46dB S/N Max total dose is 200MRads ~80KCHF With accessories Source: Marco Calviani

8. Camera types (4) CERN homemade tube based camera - 40 (?) years old design - Tube is VIDICON type 1293SF (front window made of non browning material) - Has been renewed for consolidation (components obsolescence) from time to time. - Sensitivity: 20 to 100x lower than CCD (~10 lux) - The most radiation hard (>100e6Rads) due to its design with no active component. BI review on Radiation development and testing 22 nd of November 2013 (BI) Needs and Experience with Cameras in Radioactive Environment S.Burger Drawback: - VIDICON Tube limited lifetime (2000hrs) - Not produced anymore !!

9. Camera types (5) Camera ‘Map’ BI review on Radiation development and testing 22 nd of November 2013 (BI) Needs and Experience with Cameras in Radioactive Environment S.Burger

10. BI infrastructure for video Whatever type of camera used, the system is based on analogue video transmission: Technical gallery Tunnel/Machine VME based electronics (Control and Video acquisition) Cabling Up to 1200m Interface box CCD CCD box = electronics Commercial RAD CCD box = electronics RAD box = Patch BI review on Radiation development and testing 22 nd of November 2013 (BI) Needs and Experience with Cameras in Radioactive Environment S.Burger RAD tube

11. Coping with radiation 3 parameters: -Rad Hard product (low performance) -Shielding (not feasible everywhere) -Distance (means optical line to build → not feasible everywhere + costly) Example in CTF3: -Need precise measurement that a Radiation hard camera could not match -Optical line to increase the beampipe / camera distance -Shielding is feasible (effective with few cm of lead) → Compromise between performance, radiation level, space available, optical line length, etc…) BI review on Radiation development and testing 22 nd of November 2013 (BI) Needs and Experience with Cameras in Radioactive Environment S.Burger

12. We have put into place a radiation ‘survey’ on each BTV -A dosimeter is installed on each camera -This dosimeter is replaced: -each time we replace a camera -every year during the shutdown -This survey permits to: -have statistics -define whether we could /should go to another type of observation system -This system is in parallel with the RP general radiation survey Dosimetry BI review on Radiation development and testing 22 nd of November 2013 (BI) Needs and Experience with Cameras in Radioactive Environment S.Burger

13. Remarks on optics We want to avoid S/N degradation. Noise ↗ electronics issue under radiation Signal ↘ optics issue under radiation Using imaging system, it is important to take care of optics under radiation. Standard (glass) optical items (camera lenses, lenses, optical density filter, viewports, etc…) get brown under radiation, reducing the amount of light that is collected to the detector. Example in CTF3*. CLS.MTV 0440 after 2 years of operation at 1-5 Hz → More than 55% transmission losses CLS.MTV1030 after 3 weeks at 33Hz operation → More than 40% transmission losses Example in CPS. Viewport of BTP.BTV10 3 years of operation Viewport of FT16.MTV107 4 years of operation Fuse silicate or quartz material are commonly used to overcome this issue (budget impact). *”On the Replacement of the Achromats in a Standard Beam Observation System at CTF3 by Fused Silicate Lenses.” CTF3-Note-077 C.P. Welsch, E. Bravin, T. Lefèvre CERN, Geneva, Switzerland BI review on Radiation development and testing 22 nd of November 2013 (BI) Needs and Experience with Cameras in Radioactive Environment S.Burger

14. What next… BI review on Radiation development and testing 22 nd of November 2013 (BI) Needs and Experience with Cameras in Radioactive Environment S.Burger -VIDICON issue to be solved (new production, new tube, etc… ?) -Analogue cameras will also no longer be available on the market or difficult to procure → keep an eye on these products on the market → make large reserve → think of building our own CCD camera -Systematic measurements on cameras using the RADWG network -Follow the market on RAD imaging system → Homemade RAD hard camera ?

15. Thanks for your attention