1. Hepatitis By: Mst Tabassum

2. History Early case in the 18 th century By 1885, it was showed to be transmittable through blood transfusion and syringes – Prevalent during WWII

3. Statistics Health experts estimate 180 million people have chronic hepatitis C worldwide. Hepatitis C infection is the most common chronic blood borne infection in the U.S. – Most common reason for liver transplants

4. Overview Defined as: a medical condition characterized by the inflammation of the liver and characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the tissue of the organ. Caused by a group of viruses called hepatitis viruses – The different type of hepatitis is named accordingly to the virus that is responsible for it Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C

5. Hepatitis A The most common Contact with infected stool can spread hepatitis A and/or eating uncooked clams or raw oysters Symptoms: – Tiredness, lack of hunger, unwanted weight loss, pain near the right side of the belly (liver area), sore muscles, and yellowing skin

6. Hepatitis A Diagnosed through blood tests – Blood tests look for the presence of Hepatitis A antibodies  signals Hepatitis A Hepatitis A, in most cases, goes away on its own after a couple of months. – In serious cases, hospitalization may be necessary Prevention: get vaccinated against hepatitis A

7. Hepatitis B Caused by the Hepatitis B virus and spread through contact with the blood and bodily fluids of infected person – Ex. Sharing toothbrushes and having sex with infected person spreads Hepatitis B – Pregnant woman can pass Hepatitis B to baby during birth Symptoms: – Tiredness, fever, headache, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea/constipation, jaundice

8. Hepatitis B Diagnosed through blood tests or a liver biopsy ( taking a sample of liver for testing) In most cases, Hepatitis B goes away on its own by eating healthy, resting, and avoiding alcohol and harmful substances Prevention: getting vaccinated ( a series of 3-4 shots)

9. Hepatitis C Caused by hepatitis C virus, and it can lead to permanent liver damage, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure. Most common chronic hepatitis – Cirrhosis: scarring of the liver and poor liver function. It is the final phase of chronic liver disease Contact with infected blood spreads hepatitis C

10. Hepatitis C Symptoms: – Tiredness, joint pain, stomach pain, itchy skin, dark urine, and jaundice Diagnosed through blood tests  indicated by high levels of liver enzymes. A liver biopsy can also be done Medication is available, but most of the time Hepatitis C is treated by taking care of the body

11. Hepatitis D Known as “delta hepatitis” Occurs in people with Hepatitis B – HDV is an incomplete virus that requires the helper function of HBV to replicate transmitted mucosal contact with infectious blood No vaccine specifically for delta virus, but vaccination for Hepatitis B can prevent HDV Symptoms similar to Hepatitis B but more stronger: – Abdominal pain, dark urine, jaundice, joint pain

12. Effect on Body Your liver helps your body digest food, store energy and remove poisons. Hepatitis is a swelling of the liver that makes it stop working well. It can lead to scarring, called cirrhosis, or to cancer. The bile secreted by your liver separates the fats that you eat so that they can be broken down by enzymes. Fat clumps together and when bile is not secreted into the small intestine, your enzymes are less efficient at breaking down fats into their fatty acid components. Hepatitis can also affect the liver's bile production, causing a buildup of yellow-green pigment in the bloodstream  jaundice