1. Applied Linguistics 665 English Orthography 5

2. The Development of Writing System Sumerian Cuneiform Sumerian Cuneiform http://www.krysstal.com/writing_evolution.html#map http://www.omniglot.com/writing/akkadian.htm http://www.omniglot.com/writing/elamite.htm#cuneiform http://www.omniglot.com/writing/opcuneiform.htm

3. The Development of Writing System Egyptian Hieroglyphics Egyptian Hieroglyphics http://www.uponreflection.co.uk/heiro/glyphs.htm http://my-ecoach.com/online/webresourcelist.php?rlid=2373

4. The Development of Writing System Early Alphabets Early Alphabets http://www.omniglot.com/writing/ugaritic.htm http://academic.marion.ohio-state.edu/arabic/Arabic241.htm http://www.homsonline.com/images/Ugarit/FirstAlphabet-1400BC.jpg http://www.omniglot.com/writing/arabic.htm

5. The Development of Writing System Greek and Latin Alphabets Greek and Latin Alphabets http://www.omniglot.com/writing/phoenician.htm http://www.omniglot.com/writing/greek.htm http://www.omniglot.com/writing/latin.htm

6. The Development of English Spelling Spelling Rules Spelling Rules What is Graphotactic Knowledge? What is Graphotactic Knowledge? http://www.riggsinst.org/28rules.htm http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/ppt/spelling.pps

7. The Development of English Spelling What are the stages of spelling development? Precommunicative stage: Children use symbols from the alphabet but show no knowledge of letter-sound correspondences

8. The Development of English Spelling Semiphonetic stage: Children begin to understand letter-sound correspondence--that sounds are assigned to letters.

9. The Development of English Spelling Phonetic stage : Children use a letter or group of letters to represent every morpheme in a word (KOM for come and EN for in). (KOM for come and EN for in).

10. The Development of English Spelling Transitional stage : Children assimilate the conventional alternative for representing sounds- EGUL for eagle

11. The Development of English Spelling Correct stage : Children know the English orthographic system and its basic rules.

12. The Development of English Spelling How can teachers nurture spelling development in the classroom?  Teach knowledge of the alphabet, letter- sound correspondences.  Introduce context of writing, word families, spelling patterns, phonics, and word structures.

13. The Development of English Spelling  Practice purposeful writing, such as the writing of messages, lists, plans, signs, letters, stories, songs, and poems.  Use of instructional games http://www.education.tas.gov.au/english/spellstrat.htm