1. Instructional Leadership: What is it? Gina Cicco, Cai Lun Jia (Matthew), Michael Johnson, Deidre McVey, Patrick Okafor

2. Introduction to Five Summaries An Historical Perspective The Recent Literature Problem: What is effective instructional leadership? Explanation of Theory Research Questions Hypotheses Conclusion References

3. Summaries : An Historical Approach Bridges, E. (1982). Research on the school administrator: The state-of-the-art, 1967-1980. Educational Administration Quarterly, 18(3), 12-33. Hallinger, P., & Heck, R.H. (1996). Reassessing the principal’s role in school effectiveness: A review of empirical research, 1980-1995. Educational Administration Quarterly, 32(1), 5-44.

4. Summaries: The Recent Literature Gaziel, H. (2003). Images of leadership and their effect upon school principal’s performance. International Review of Education, 49(5), 475-486. Hallinger, P. (2003). Leading educational change: Reflections on the practice of instructional and transformational leadership. Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(3), 329-351.

5. Summaries: The Recent Literature, continued. Harris, M.H., & Willower, D.J. (1998). Principals’ optimism and perceived school effectiveness. Journal of Education Administration, 36(4), 353- 361. Southworth, G. (2002). Instructional leadership in schools: Reflections and empirical evidence. School Leadership & Management, 22(1), 73-91.

6. Explanation of Theory Characteristics of Instructional Leaders Behaviors of Instructional Leaders Positive Effects of School Leadership Attitudes of Instructional Leaders Roles of Instructional Leaders

7. Theory Effective instructional leaders increase teacher engagement. Instructional leaders encourage the professional development of teachers.

8. Research Questions 1. Do instructional leaders increase teacher engagement in schools? 2. Do instructional leaders encourage teachers to continue their professional development?

9. Hypotheses 1. Principals who present the qualities of instructional leaders will increase teacher engagement at the secondary school level. 2. Principals who demonstrate the qualities and behaviors of instructional leaders will encourage the professional development of teachers.

10. Independent and Dependent Variables H1 and H2 Independent Variable Dependent Variable Constitutive Definition Operational Definition Statistical Measure Positive Correlation Expected Between Independent and Dependent Variables

11. Conclusion Effective instructional leaders increase teacher engagement. Effective instructional leaders encourage the continual professional development of teachers. Measurable? Yes! References

12. Questions and Comments Handouts